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Clinics > Exotics NAVLE Review > Flashcards

Exotics NAVLE Review Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

Compare BG of birds vs mammals

A

Bird BGs are higher! 200-300 ish

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2
Q

Avian RBCs: Unique trait

A

Nucleated!

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3
Q

Renal fxn in birds (blood test)

A

Uric Acid

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4
Q

How much blood can you safely take from birds?

A

1% of body weight

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5
Q

What are pneumatic bones

A

Bones that have air sacs

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6
Q

Which jugular vein is primary in birds?

A

Right

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7
Q

Ovary

A

Left

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8
Q

Unique traits of avian respiration

A

Complete tracheal rings, 9 air sacs, no diaphragm

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9
Q

What empties in the cloaca?

A

Urinary, GI, (all)

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10
Q

Name parts of bird droppings

A

Urate, feces, urine

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11
Q

Renal portal system

A

Birds and reptiles; affects metabolism

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12
Q

Lime green urine/urates in bird feces means?

A

Acute hepatopathy (liver is v unhappy), primary ddx is psitticosis (chlamydia psittici)

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13
Q

Avian eye lesions, commisure of beak, and on legs (scaly)

A

Knemidokoptes

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14
Q

What is brown hypertrophy of the cere?

A

Changes to the bird’s cere (browning), often confused with Knemidokoptes, due to estrogen production (gonadal neoplasia, e.g.), which often is accompanied by unilateral lameness (compression of nerve by mass)

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15
Q

Ddx for oral plaques

A

Hypovitaminosis A, trichmoniasis, candida

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16
Q

Most common cause for egg-binding as well as tx

A

Hypocalcemia; give Ca and fluids +/- Vit D

Birds are more responsive to prostaglandins than oxytocin, lubrication, sx if nothing else works (or ovocentesis)

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17
Q

What is treatment for broken blood feather?

A

Pull it out

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18
Q

Chlamydia psittaci

A

ZOONOTIC AND REPORTABLE

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19
Q

Pododermatitis

A

Staph!

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20
Q

PBFD vs behavioral feather picking

A

Look at distribution of lesions - where you can reach vs places you can’t (viral)

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21
Q

Bornavirus

A

PDD but if bird is + does not mean it will become clinical

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22
Q

2 systems affected by heavy metal toxicosis in birds

A

GI and CNS (sz e.g.)

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23
Q

PTFE = Teflon gas and birds

A

Causes acute pulmonary hemorrhage and edema in birds

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24
Q

What is crop burn?

A

Often when people microwave food for birds, causes area of necrosis, fistula forms, and bird then leaks food from its neck; 7-14 days post-initial trauma

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25
DERmanyssus gallinae
Red mite, hangs out in crevices
26
Ornithonyssus sylvarium
Northern fowl mite
27
Knemidokoptes mutans
Scaly leg mite
28
Ivermectin in turtles/tortoises
TOXIC
29
Spectacles in snakes
If not shed properly, can become cloudy and affect vision
30
Secondary nutritional hyperPTH in reptiles
When Ca depleted in bones, fibrous tissue laid down instead. Those that eat prey usually don't need UVB as a general rule
31
Turtles with low Vit A
Squamous metaplasia, especially eyelids (swollen), aural abscesses
32
Gout in reptiles
Birds and reptiles can have visceral or articular gout - uric acid crystals precipitating out and collecting in joints, or creating a sheen over organs
33
Snake mite name
Ophionyssus natricis; they like to hang in divet under the chin
34
Vasculitis in frogs/amphibians
Often aeromonas, redness
35
Vasculitis in frogs/amphibians
Often aeromonas, redness on inner thighs, sepsis
36
Thermal burn in snakes
Raw red running down belly, will transition to browned scales as well
37
Rabbits and antibiotic safety
Can't use oral penicillins, macrolides, or cephalosporins. Can use others including chloramphenicol (harmful to humans), can use injectable penicillins (although not in rodents)
38
Rabbits and fipronil
TOXIC (Frontline)
39
Rabbits and steroids
Avoid!!! Okay in ferrets
40
Mandibular prognathism in rabbits
Genetic condition that can occur as early as 8 wks in rabbits, jutting jaw
41
Red urine in rabbits
May be normal (porphyrins). Hematuria = stones from Ca (high amounts excreted in urine; CaCarbonate, can see on rads), uterine adenocarcinoma (intact females)
42
Rabbit uterus
Bicornuate (2 cervixes)
43
Cecotrophs
Rabbits pass these and eat them (Vitamin B)
44
Inguinal rings in male rabbits
Open, so they can retract them into body
45
Sarcoptes in rabbit ears
Cornflakes in the ear! Treat with ivermectin
46
Rabbit dandruff
Chyletiella (ZOONOTIC, including dogs/cats)
47
Rabbit snuffles
Pasteurella multocida; discharge! moist derm, head tilt
48
E. cuniculli
Otitis in rabbits! Often head tilt
49
Rabbit syphillus
Treponema; injectable penicillin; crusty lesions around mouth and genitals
50
Rabbit abscesses
Must be removed like a tumor, cannot form pus (missing an enzyme)
51
D+ in baby rabbit
Coccidia
52
Acute cataract in rabbits
E cuniculli
53
D+ in adult rabbits
Poor diet
54
Gastric trichobezoar in rabbits
May manage medically with supportive care, avoid sx now
55
Primary respiratory pathogen in rats
Mycoplasma pulmonus
56
Most common tumor in rats
Mammary adenocarcinoma, more benign in rats than in mice
57
Guinea pig dystocia
Pelvis closes by 8months, if not bred before that more likely to present in dystocia
58
Guinea pig gestation
62 days
59
Wet tail in hamsters
Lawsonia; thickened bowel as well
60
TB test nonhuman primate at which location?
Eyelid
61
Old world primates die due to
Herpes B
62
Ferret sexing
Males are larger; Hobbs vs Jills
63
2 dot tattoo in ferret ear
Marshall's ferret - spayed/neutered and de-scented at 5 weeks
64
Musk glands in ferrets
Mustelidae, usually removed before sale
65
Sinus arrhythmia in ferrets
Can be perfectly normal!
66
Ferrets nutrition
Obligate carnivores
67
Ovulation in ferrets
Induced ovulators, females not spayed stay in heat til bred and may become anemic as a result
68
Ferret vax
Killed Rabies, Canine Distemper (FerVac D can cause anaphylaxis)
69
Ferret vax rxns
Type I Hypersensitivity - Always premedicate (benadryl), stagger vax; Epi/DexSP
70
Ferret gastritis
Helicobacter mustelae
71
Green Slime Dz in ferrets
ECE; coronavirus, FIP-LIKE DZ POSSIBLE (granulomatous form)
72
Adrenal dz in ferrets
Unlike dogs, no cortisol; SEX HORMONES. Can't do LDDST. Can be UO because of mass on adrenals. Female with large vulva that is spayed is usually adrenal dz (or remnant, but rare). Test with sex steroid levels (androgen panel) Right adrenal is right on top of the caudal vena cava so sx is more risky. First clinical sign is usually pruritus, even before alopecia; repro behavior Tx involves removal, medical management
73
Insulinoma in ferrets
Hypoglycemic signs
74
LSA in ferrets
PLA
75
Respiratory signs in chickens + ulcerative plagues and hemorrhages in GI/esophagus
Newcastle disease; several strains, each increases in pathogenicity. Exotic strain is the worst. REPORTABLE, eradicated in US. Vax available
76
Avian influenza
Different strains; waterfowl reservoir. Mild to moderate respiratory signs. Repro signs, edema, infarctions, resp. H5N8 is most recent outbreak, turkeys especially. Found in other bird species
77
Chicken resp signs PLUS wrinkly eggs
Infectious bronchitis - Coronvirus. Often secondary E coli infection
78
Chicken resp signs PLUS slinging blood around
Laryngotracheitis (herpes), often coinfections
79
Chicken eye lesions
Mycoplasma - conj lesions and sinusitis as well as joint dz. Gallisepticum is resp, synoviae is joint. Fried-egg appearing cells in culture (hard to culture). Secondary E coli as well.
80
Chicken E Coli
Can affect many body systems (resp, air sacculitis, repro) . Commensul but times of stress e.g. can allow infection. Can contaminate eggs and become human concern. Affected chicks are stunted. Sanitation/management issue. ROTTING EGGS INSIDE
81
...
Infectious coryza = Haemophilus paragallinarum
82
..
Turkey coryza = Bordatella
83
Chicken with giant swollen waddle
Avian cholera = Pasteurellosis; turkey especially; Chicken liver spotting
84
Chicken aspergillosis
Present in environment, usually contamination issue, rotting eggs
85
Chicken aspergillosis
Present in environment, usually contamination issue, rotting eggs. Brain lesions, ocular lesions, shitty chicks etc
86
Carbon monoxide and birds
Not great
87
Outbreak in New Worl psittacines (conures, mccaws, amazons)
Pacheco's disease; acute systemic failure (liver necrosis)
88
Polyomavirus
Budgie fledgling disease; causes failure to thrive in fledglings, SQ hemorrhages, spleen/liver lesions; avoid mixed-species exhibits
89
Proventricular dilatation
Ravenous appetite; neuritis
90
Salmonella pullorum
Eradicated basically; cecal core | REPORTABLE
91
Salmonella enteritidis
People dz
92
TB vs aspergillosis
They can look like each other! Acid fast stain to see mycobacteria
93
Ulcerative enteritis
Qual! Clostridium colinum e.g.; white foci on GI tract
94
GI Candida
Thickened crop mucosal wall
95
Megabacteriosis
Macrorhabdus ornithogaster; large gram + rod, oral Amphoteracin B; look like sticks/hay that prevent GI from absorbing nutrients
96
Vitamin A deficiency in birds
Keratinized cells,
97
Psittacine beak and feather syndrome
vs psychological; check localization
98
Bird Pox
Lesions all over; bollanger body on histo! Especially mucocutaneous jcts
99
Bumblefoot
Pododermatitis
100
West Nile Virus
Birds are reservoir
101
Limberneck in Waterfowl
Botulism; ingesting fly larvae from contaminated carcasses.
102
Infectious bursa virus
anemia
103
Mareck's disease
Younger birds, can't walk (ischiatic nerve); herpes, color of iris can change (LSA) and survivors prone to lymphoid leukosis
104
Amyloidosis
Waterfowl, usually secondary to chronic...
105
Echidnophaga gallinacean
Sticktight flea

Clinics (2 decks)

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