Exp 6

Question 1

Taken orally are used commonly for relieving pain like headache menstrual pain, toothache back pain and arthritis

Answer 1

Analgesics

Question 2

Examples of analgesics

Answer 2

Paracetamol - (Acetaminophen)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) - Salicylates
• Narcotic drugs - Morphine
Synthetic drugs with narcotic properties - Tramadol

Question 3

Morphine is a?

Answer 3

Narcotic drug

Question 4

What are the other names for paracetamol

Answer 4

Acetaminophen - N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)

Acetaminophen - U.S namng
Paracetamol - British naming

Question 5

What are the characteristics of paracetamol

Answer 5

White, crystalline powder and odorless

Question 6

What is the melting point of paracetamol

Answer 6

About 170 C

Question 7

Molar mass of paracetamol

Answer 7

151. 163g/mol

Question 8

Formula name of APAP

Answer 8

P-aminophenol - C8H9NO2

Question 9

A mild analgesic, antipyretic and not an NSAID

Answer 9

Paracetamol

Question 10

What 3 functional groups paracetamol have?

Answer 10

Hydroxyl group
Amide group
Aromatic group

Question 11

Paracetamol may prevent the release of what substances?

Answer 11

Prostaglandins

Question 12

This substance increases pain and body temperature

Answer 12

prostaglandins

Question 13

what is paracetamol used for?

Answer 13

Arthritis
Backache
Cold and flu symptoms
Fever
Headache
Muscle pain
Toothache

Question 14

is the paracetamol dose or children and adult are the same?

Answer 14

No, dose would be different according to WHO.

Question 15

What organ can paracetamol damage when it is always used

Answer 15

It can cause serious injury to the liver

Alcohol with paracetamol cause alcoholic liver diseases faster than only alcohol do

Question 16

What is the recommended daily dose of paracetamol

Answer 16

4000mg

Taking more than 4000mg daily dose of paracetamol cause sever damage of the liver and kidney functions

Question 17

What dosage forms are available for paracetamol?

Answer 17

Chewable tablet
Tablet
Syrup/suspension/solution
capsule
Intravenous
suppository

Question 18

What to do if the dosage form is a suspension?

Answer 18

Shake well before using.

Question 19

Do you need to shake syrup or solution forms of paracetamol?

Answer 19

No, do not need to shake.

Question 20

Who administers intravenous paracetamol?

Answer 20

This dosage form will be given by a registered medical practitioner only.

Question 21

What are the first signs of paracetamol poisoning

Answer 21

Confusion
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Stomach Pain, sweating
Vomiting, weakness

Question 22

This are the other symptoms of paracetamol poisoning

Answer 22

Dark urine
Pain in upper stomach
Whitening in you eyes
Yellowing of the skin

Question 23

These are disadvantages of paracetamol therapy

Answer 23

Therapeutic index (often not efficient at a low dose)
Long term use may cause:
Hepatoxicity
High BP
Increase prevalence heart infraction
Low anti inflammatory action
Metabolized to a toxic metabolite
Renal functioning disoder

Question 24

Toxic metabolite of paracetamol

Answer 24

NAPQI - N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone

Question 25

Based on the ferric chloride test,, what is the positive test of paracetamol

Answer 25

It give off Violet-blue color ## footnote 2fe(III) + paracetamol = 2Fe(II) + N-acetyl-p-benzoquion imine

Question 26

In potassium dichromate test what is the color produced and why

Answer 26

Green color due to acetic acid produced

Question 27

Hydrolysis of paracetamol in acidic environment produced an

Answer 27

amine (P-aminophenol) and carboxylic acid (acetic acid)