Expansion 1801-1848 Flashcards
James Monroe
Fifth president, served two terms. Fought in the Revolutionary War. Delegate from Virginia to the Constitutional Convention. Served on diplomatic mission to France in 1803, helped convince U.S. to accept Louisiana Purchase. Governor of Virginia. During the War of 1812, he served both as Secretary of State and as Secretary of War, the only person ever to do this. As president, bought Florida from Spain and, in 1823, issued the Monroe Doctrine, which basically told European nations to leave Central and South America alone.
Monroe Doctrine
Proclamation in 1823 by President James Monroe. Basically, it warned European nations not to get involved in political matters in Central and South America. The Doctrine was intended to show that the United States was the only country that could influence such political matters. Further, several countries in South American had recently undergone revolutions against their European colonial owners and ended up with republican governments. The United States agreed with their political philosophy and did not want to see those newly free nations become European colonies again.
Hartford Convention
he Hartford Convention was a secret meeting of Federalist delegates that took place in Hartford, Connecticut between December 15, 1814 and January 5, 1815.
The purpose of the Hartford Convention was to express grievances against the administration of President James Madison including his mercantile policies (commercial trade) and the War of 1812.
Louisiana Purchase
Huge addition of land that doubled the country. Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France for the paltry sum of $15 million. The size of the Territory was 828,000 square miles! Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored this vast territory from 1804 to 1806.
Era of Good Feelings
ERA OF GOOD FEELING (1817–1824), a phrase coined by the Columbian Centinel, a Boston newspaper, to describe the early presidency of James Monroe, whose administration found the country at peace and the economy prosperous
Election of 1824 and Corrupt Bargain
When the 1824 election ended without any candidate receiving a majority in the electoral college, the House of Representatives awarded the election to John Quincy Adams. Andrew Jackson’s outraged supporters claimed that a corrupt bargain had been struck whereby Henry Clay supported Adams in the House vote in return for the office of secretary of state.
Seminole Wars
he Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between the Seminole—the collective name given to the amalgamation of various groups of native Americans and a smattering of others primarily African Americans who settled in Florida in the early 18th century—and the United States Army. The First Seminole War was from 1816 to 1819 (although sources differ), the Second Seminole War from 1835 to 1842 and the Third Seminole War from 1855 to 1858. They were the largest conflicts in the United States between the War of 1812 and the American Civil War.
Chief John Ross
John Ross (October 3, 1790 – August 1, 1866), also known as Guwisguwi (meaning in Cherokee a “Little White Bird”), was the Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation from 1828–1866, serving longer in this position than any other person. Described as the Moses of his people,[1] Ross influenced the Indian nation through such tumultuous events as the relocation to Indian Territory and the American Civil War.
Wooster v. Georgia
Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional.
Trail of Tears
Movement of Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma. Backed by the federal government and President Andrew Jackson’s desire, American troops forced hundreds of Cherokee to leave their homes in Georgia and move to the “Indian Territory” of Oklahoma. The Cherokee had been given to permission by the Supreme Court in 1835. However, a small group of Cherokee agreed to a treaty with the United States that allowed for the their removal. In 1838, about 7,000 American troops moved in and began the forced removal. The journey was hard, and many Cherokee suffered or even died. Many cried. That’s why this journey is called the “Trail of Tears.”
Andrew Jackson
Seventh president, served two terms. Known as “Old Hickory.” Hero of War of 1812, including the Battle of New Orleans. First person elected to House of Representatives from new state of Tennessee. First president elected from new Democratic Party. Wanted to make government more representative. Declared war on the Bank of the United States. Upheld power of federal government during the Nullification Crisis, some states’ attempt to avoid paying a protective tariff.
Missouri Compromise
Agreement put forward by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter the Union as a free state. The Compromise also drew an imaginary line at 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude, dividing the new Louisiana Territory into two areas, one north and one south. All of the Louisiana Territory north of this line was free territory, meaning that any territories that became states from this area would enable African-Americans to be free. The Compromise also encouraged people in the north to return runaway slaves to their homes and did not prohibit slavery, even in the free territories.
Henry Clay
Statesman who became known as “The Great Compromiser” for his ability to get people to compromise. He made a name for himself in the House of Representatives, as one of the first members of the new Whig Party. He was known as a “War Hawk,” someone who wanted war with Great Britain. He welcomed the war but also welcomed the peace, helping negotiate the treaty that ended that war. He was the author of the Missouri Compromise, which attempted the solve the Slavery Crisis. He served as Secretary of State under John Quincy Adams and himself ran unsuccessfully for president three times.
The American System
Idea that the federal government should take an active role in promoting and protecting the national economy. Three of the main ways of doing this at that time were promoting a vast network of internal transportation (roads, railroads, and canals), a large protective tariff (a tax on goods imported from other countries), and a central currency and economic strategy run by the Bank of the United States, a federal bank. Henry Clay was a champion of the American System.
Tecumseh
Tecumseh was a Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy which opposed the United States during Tecumseh’s War and became an ally of Britain in the War of 1812.
