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S4 Chemistry > Expected knowledge Aug 19 > Flashcards

Expected knowledge Aug 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Why can acids never have zero OH- ions present

A

Because acids are aqueous solutions and the dissociation of water means some OH- ions must be present

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2
Q

What is the test for Water

A

Turns cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink

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3
Q

Electrolysis

A

Breaking apart a compound using electricity

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4
Q

Functional Group

A

The part of a molecule that is responsible for its chemical (and sometimes physical) properties.

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5
Q

Exothermic

A

A reaction that releases energy

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6
Q

What is the test for unsaturated compounds?

A

Rapidly decolourises bromine solution

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7
Q

Neutralisation of acids

A

Removing excess H+ aqueous ions from a solution

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8
Q

Acid

A

Solution containing a higher number of H+ aqueous ions than OH- aqueous ions

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9
Q

Why can alkalis never have zero H+ ions present

A

Because alkalis are aqueous solutions and the dissociation of water means some H+ ions must be present

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10
Q

isomers

A

molecules whic have same molecular formula Different structural formula

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11
Q

Covalent bond

A

A shared pair of electrons

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12
Q

Noble gases

A

Unreactive group 8 elements

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13
Q

Base

A

A substance that neutralises an acid

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14
Q

Indicator

A

A substance that changes colour when something is added to it

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15
Q

What are the 7 diatomic elements

A

Iodine Hydrogen Nitrogen Bromine Oxygen Chlorine Fluorine

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16
Q

What is the test for Oxygen

A

Relights a glowing splint

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17
Q

Electricity

A

The flow of charged particles(electrons and ions)

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18
Q

Salt

A

When the H+ aqueous ions of an acid are replaced by metal (or ammonium) ions

  1. sulphuric acid gives sulphate salts
  2. hydrochloric acid gives chloride salts
  3. nitric acid gives nitrate salts
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19
Q

What are the properties of neutrons

A

Charge: 0 Mass: 1 a.m.u Found: in the nucleus

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20
Q

Acidic oxide

A

Non metal oxide that is soluble in water

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21
Q

Fuel

A

A substance that burns to release energy

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22
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an element

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23
Q

Halogen

A

Any of the group 7 elements

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24
Q

Diatomic

A

A molecule containing two atoms

25
Spectator ion
An ion that doesn’t take part in a reaction Reactions of acids Displacement reactions
26
Hydrocarbon
Compound containing only C and H
27
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction
28
What is the test for Carbon dioxide
Turns lime water cloudy
29
Isotope
Same atomic number Different mass number
30
Basic oxide
Metal oxide that is soluble in water
31
Solvent
A liquid into which a substence will dissolve
32
Period
Horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
33
A mole
The gram formula mass of a substance
34
What are the 4 types of base
Metal Metal Hydroxide Metal Carbonate Metal Oxide
35
What are the properties of protons
Charge : 1+ Mass: 1 a.m.u Found: in the nucleus
36
What are the properties of electrons
Charge: 1- Mass: 0 Found : in shells around nucleus
37
Combustion
Combining with oxygen to release energy
38
What is the test for Hydrogen
Burns with a pop
39
Give 2 advantages of neutralising with a metal carbonate instead of a metal oxide
1. Reaction rate is high enough that acid doesn't need to be heated 2. Easier end point detection due to evolution of CO2
40
Ion
Atom which has lost or gained electrons
41
Endothermic
Reaction in which heat energy is taken in
42
Element
Substance containing only one type of atom
43
Alkali metal
Any of the group 1 metals
44
Solution
A mixture of a solvent and a solute
45
Lattice
A regular, repeating 3-D structure
46
Solute
A substance that will dissolve in a liquid (water)
47
Relative atomic mass (RAM)
The average mass of an element taking into account the relative abundance of each isotope
48
Saturated
A substance where all C to C bonds are single
49
Density
Mass divided by volume
50
Acid rain
Rain with pH below 5.5
51
Unsaturated
A substance contains (at least) on C=C bond
52
Pollution
The introduction of harmful substances into the environment
53
Molecule
2 or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds
54
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom
55
Why are atoms neutral
They contain equal numbers of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons)
56
Ion migration
Movement of ions to opposite charged terminal
57
Homologous series
Compounds with Same general formula Similar chemical properties
58
Alkali
Solution with higher numbers of OH- aqueous ions than H+ aqueous ions
59
Valency
The number of unpaired of outer electrons

S4 Chemistry (26 decks)

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