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[PRELIMS Anachem Lab] > EXPERIMENT 2 Qualitative Analysis of Cations > Flashcards

EXPERIMENT 2 Qualitative Analysis of Cations Flashcards

Analytical Chemistry Lab Exam

1
Q

It deals with the identification of elements or groupings of elements in a sample.

A

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

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2
Q

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

It usually the sample is _________ and a _________ must be made in order that all the constituents may be identified.

A

Complex Mixture
Systematic Analysis

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3
Q

It is commonly dissolved in water for the determination of anionic consituents may be identified.

A

Sample

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4
Q

Sample is commonly dissolved in water for the determination of _____________ may be identified.

A

anionic constituents

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5
Q

Negatively charged elements or groupings of elements.

A

Anionic Constituents

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6
Q

Positively charged elements or groupings of elements

A

Cationic Constituents

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7
Q

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

Based on the principle of treating the solution with a _____ of regaents so that each reagent separates a ____________.

A

Succession
Group of Constituents

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8
Q

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

Has application in different fields especially the production of ____, _____, ____, _____ and ______.

A

Food, Water, Pesticides, Petrochemicals and Pharmaceuticals

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9
Q

A common experimental method used to identify ions in a mixture involves detection and identification of elements present in an unknown sample.

A

Qualitative Analysis

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10
Q

Qualitative Analysis: A common experimental method used to identify ions in a mixture involves _______ and _______ of elements present in an unknown sample.

A

Detection
Identification

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11
Q

It is usually done based on the different chemical and physical properties of the ions.

A

Qualitative Analysis

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12
Q

Qualitative Analysis: It is usually done based on the different __________ and _________ properties of the ions.

A

Chemical
Physical

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13
Q

Positive charged ions

A

Cations

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14
Q

When a given solution contains more than ____ cation, it is important to develop an __________.

A

One
Identification Scheme

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15
Q

Developer of the most commonly used identification Scheme.

A

Carl Remigius Fresenius

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16
Q

Test Solutions;

A

AgNo3, Silver nitrate
Cu(NO3)2, Copper(II) nitrate
Fe(NO3)3, Iron(III) nitrate
Zn(NO3)2, Zinc nitrate

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17
Q

Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme

  • Cations that form insoluble Chlorides
  • Has HCl as the group reagent or precipitating agent to separate ________ cations from other groups.
A

Group 1 Cations

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18
Q

Group 1 Cations; Precipitate can be collected by _______ or ____.

A

Filtration
Centrifuge

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19
Q

Group 1 Cations:

A

Ag+, Silver cation
Pb^2+, Lead (II) ion
Hg2^2+, Mercurous ion

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20
Q

Insoluble Chlorides

A

AgCl, Silver chloride
PbCl2, Lead(II) chloride
Hg2Cl2, Mercury(I) chloride

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21
Q

Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme

  • Cations that form insoluble sulfides
  • It has H2S as the group reagent or precipitating agent to separate ________ cations from other groups.
A

Group 2 Cations

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22
Q

Group 2 Cations: Precipitate can be collected by ______ or _______.

A

Filtration
Centrifuge

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23
Q

Group 2 Cations

A

As3+, Arsenic Cation
Bi3+, Bismuth Cation
Cd2+, Cadmium ion
Cu2+, Cupric Ion
Hg2+, Mercuric cation
Sb3+, Antimony cation
Sn2+, Tin(II) ion

24
Q

Acid- Insoluble Sulfides

A

As2S3, Arsenic trisulfide
Bi2S3, Bismuth(III) sulfide
CdS, Cadmium sulfide
Cus, Copper sulfide
HgS, Mercury sulfide
Sb2s3, Antimony trisulfide
SnS, Tin(II) sulfide

25
Q

Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme

  • Cations that form base-insoluble sulfides and hydroxides
  • NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) and NH3 (Ammonia) is added until basic when (NH4)2S Ammonium sulfide to separate ________cations from other groups.
A

Group 3 Cations

26
Q

Base insoluble sulfides and Hydroxides

A
  • CoS, Carbonyl sulfide
  • FeS, Iron(II) sulfide
  • MnS, Manganese(II) sulfide
  • NiS, Nickel sulfide
  • ZnS, Zinc sulfide
  • Al(OH)3, Aluminium hydroxide
  • Cr(OH)3, Chromium(III) hydroxide
27
Q

Group 3 cations

A
  • Co2+, Cobaltous Cation
  • Fe2+, iron(II) ion
  • Fe3+, Ferric cation
  • Mn2+, Manganese cation
  • Ni2+, Nickel cation
  • Zn2+, Zinc (II) ion
  • Al3+, Aluminum ion
  • Cr3+, Chromium(III) ion
28
Q

Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme

  • Cations that form insoluble carbonates and phosphates.
  • Has Na2CO3 or (NH4)2HPO4 as the group reagent or precipitating agent to separate ____________ from other Groups
A

Group 4 Cations

29
Q

Group 4 Cations

A

Mg2+, Magnesium cation
Ca2+, Calcium ions
Sr2+, Strontium ion
Ba2+, Barium cation

30
Q

Insoluble Carbonates (or phosphates)

A

MgCO3, Magnesium carbonate
CaCo3, Calcium carbonate
SrCO3, Strontium carbonate
BaCO3, Barium carbonate

31
Q

**Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme

  • All the metal ions that form water-insoluble chlorides, *sulfides, carbonates or phosphates were removed and leaving the alkali metal cations.
A

Group 5 Cations

32
Q

Reaction of Silver and HCl

Ag+ + Cl- <=> AgCl (s)

A

White Precipitate

33
Q

Reaction of Cu (Copper) and NH3 (Ammonia)

Cu2+ (aq) + 4 NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (aq)
tetraamminecopper(II) → Tetraammine copper (II) ion

A

Deep blue Decantate

34
Q

Reaction of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and K4[Fe(CN)6]
“Tetraammine copper (II) ion and Potassium Ferrocyanide”

2Cu2+ + [Fe(CN)6] 4- → Cu2 [Fe(CN)6]
“Ferrocyanide → Copper (II) Ferrocyanide”

A

Red-brown Precipitate

35
Q

Reaction of Iron and KSCN

Fe3+ + SCN - → FeSCN2+
Ferric + THIOCYANATE ION → Ferrothiocyanate

A

Bloody Red Complex

36
Q

Reaction of Zinc (Zn) and Potassium Ferrocyanide
(K4 [Fe(CN)6 ])

Zn2+ + K + + [Fe(CN)6 ] 4- → Zn3K2 [Fe(CN)6 ]2 (s)

A

White, light Green or bluegreen
precipitate

37
Q

Are achieved by selective precipitation

A

Separation or Elimination Tests

38
Q
  • subsequent separations may involve differential solubility in water, acid, or base, or performing a redox reaction to convert an ion to a different oxidation state.
A

Separation or Elimination Tests

39
Q

involves the addition of a carefully selected reagent to an aqueous mixture of ions, resulting in the precipitation of one or more of the ions, while leaving the rest in solution.

A

Selective precipitation

40
Q

Once each ion is isolated, its identity can be confirmed by using a chemical reaction specific to that ion which is known as _________________.

A

confirmatory test

41
Q

often involve a color change or formation of a precipitate characteristic of a particular ion

A

Confirmatory Tests

42
Q

are most often performed on an ion separated from all others and not on the original sample

A

Confirmatory Tests

43
Q

is a laboratory device that is used for the separation of fluids, gas or liquid, based on density.

A

Centrifuge

44
Q

Centrifuge is a laboratory device that is used for the separation of fluids, gas or liquid, based on ______.

A

Density

45
Q

is a laboratory device that is used for the separation of fluids, gas or liquid, based on density.

A

Centrifuge

46
Q

__________is achieved by spinning a vessel containing material at high speed;

A

Separation

47
Q

The _______________ pushes heavier materials to the outside of the vessel.

A

centrifugal force

48
Q

This apparatus is found in most laboratories From academic to clinical to research and used to purify ____, _______, _____, _____, and _____.

A

cells, subcellular organelles, viruses, proteins, and nucleic acids.

49
Q

Make sure that you balance the _____ before you start

A

Centrifuge

50
Q

______ is done by placing a test tube or test tube containing __________ opposite to the test tube containing the precipitate in the ____________.

A

Balancing
water
centrifuge

51
Q

The ______ should have approximately equal weights

A

two test tubes

52
Q

Process of separating by carefully pouring out (without disturbing the solid) the top layer of clear liquid into another container and leaving the lower layer with the solid

A

Decantation

53
Q

Decantation

Decantate or ________

A

Supernatant Liquid

54
Q

Decantation

Precipitate or _________

A

Residue

55
Q
A

[PRELIMS Anachem Lab] (5 decks)

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