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[PRELIMS Anachem Lab] > EXPERIMENT 2 Qualitative Analysis of Cations > Flashcards

EXPERIMENT 2 Qualitative Analysis of Cations Flashcards

Analytical Chemistry Lab Exam

1
Q

It deals with the identification of elements or groupings of elements in a sample.

A

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

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2
Q

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

It usually the sample is _________ and a _________ must be made in order that all the constituents may be identified.

A

Complex Mixture
Systematic Analysis

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3
Q

It is commonly dissolved in water for the determination of anionic consituents may be identified.

A

Sample

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4
Q

Sample is commonly dissolved in water for the determination of _____________ may be identified.

A

anionic constituents

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5
Q

Negatively charged elements or groupings of elements.

A

Anionic Constituents

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6
Q

Positively charged elements or groupings of elements

A

Cationic Constituents

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7
Q

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

Based on the principle of treating the solution with a _____ of regaents so that each reagent separates a ____________.

A

Succession
Group of Constituents

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8
Q

Qualitative Chemical Analysis

Has application in different fields especially the production of ____, _____, ____, _____ and ______.

A

Food, Water, Pesticides, Petrochemicals and Pharmaceuticals

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9
Q

A common experimental method used to identify ions in a mixture involves detection and identification of elements present in an unknown sample.

A

Qualitative Analysis

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10
Q

Qualitative Analysis: A common experimental method used to identify ions in a mixture involves _______ and _______ of elements present in an unknown sample.

A

Detection
Identification

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11
Q

It is usually done based on the different chemical and physical properties of the ions.

A

Qualitative Analysis

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12
Q

Qualitative Analysis: It is usually done based on the different __________ and _________ properties of the ions.

A

Chemical
Physical

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13
Q

Positive charged ions

A

Cations

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14
Q

When a given solution contains more than ____ cation, it is important to develop an __________.

A

One
Identification Scheme

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15
Q

Developer of the most commonly used identification Scheme.

A

Carl Remigius Fresenius

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16
Q

Test Solutions;

A

AgNo3, Silver nitrate
Cu(NO3)2, Copper(II) nitrate
Fe(NO3)3, Iron(III) nitrate
Zn(NO3)2, Zinc nitrate

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17
Q

Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme

  • Cations that form insoluble Chlorides
  • Has HCl as the group reagent or precipitating agent to separate ________ cations from other groups.
A

Group 1 Cations

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18
Q

Group 1 Cations; Precipitate can be collected by _______ or ____.

A

Filtration
Centrifuge

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19
Q

Group 1 Cations:

A

Ag+, Silver cation
Pb^2+, Lead (II) ion
Hg2^2+, Mercurous ion

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20
Q

Insoluble Chlorides

A

AgCl, Silver chloride
PbCl2, Lead(II) chloride
Hg2Cl2, Mercury(I) chloride

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21
Q

Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme

  • Cations that form insoluble sulfides
  • It has H2S as the group reagent or precipitating agent to separate ________ cations from other groups.
A

Group 2 Cations

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22
Q

Group 2 Cations: Precipitate can be collected by ______ or _______.

A

Filtration
Centrifuge

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23
Q

Group 2 Cations

A

As3+, Arsenic Cation
Bi3+, Bismuth Cation
Cd2+, Cadmium ion
Cu2+, Cupric Ion
Hg2+, Mercuric cation
Sb3+, Antimony cation
Sn2+, Tin(II) ion

24
Q

Acid- Insoluble Sulfides

A

As2S3, Arsenic trisulfide
Bi2S3, Bismuth(III) sulfide
CdS, Cadmium sulfide
Cus, Copper sulfide
HgS, Mercury sulfide
Sb2s3, Antimony trisulfide
SnS, Tin(II) sulfide

25
Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme - Cations that form ***base-insoluble sulfides and hydroxides*** - **NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)** and **NH3 (Ammonia)** is added until basic when **(NH4)2S Ammonium sulfide** to separate ________cations from other groups.
Group 3 Cations
26
Base insoluble sulfides and Hydroxides
- CoS, Carbonyl sulfide - FeS, Iron(II) sulfide - MnS, Manganese(II) sulfide - NiS, Nickel sulfide - ZnS, Zinc sulfide - Al(OH)3, Aluminium hydroxide - Cr(OH)3, Chromium(III) hydroxide
27
Group 3 cations
- Co2+, Cobaltous Cation - Fe2+, iron(II) ion - Fe3+, Ferric cation - Mn2+, Manganese cation - Ni2+, Nickel cation - Zn2+, Zinc (II) ion - Al3+, Aluminum ion - Cr3+, Chromium(III) ion
28
Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme - Cations that form *insoluble carbonates* and *phosphates*. - Has **Na2CO3** or **(NH4)2HPO4** as the group reagent or precipitating agent to separate ____________ from other Groups
Group 4 Cations
29
Group 4 Cations
Mg2+, Magnesium cation Ca2+, Calcium ions Sr2+, Strontium ion Ba2+, Barium cation
30
Insoluble Carbonates (or phosphates)
MgCO3, Magnesium carbonate CaCo3, Calcium carbonate SrCO3, Strontium carbonate BaCO3, Barium carbonate
31
****Classic Qualitative Analysis Scheme - All the metal ions that form **water-insoluble** **chlorides***, ***sulfides, carbonates*** or ***phosphates*** were **removed** and leaving the **alkali** **metal cations.**
Group 5 Cations
32
Reaction of Silver and HCl Ag+ + Cl- <=> AgCl (s)
White Precipitate
33
Reaction of Cu (**Copper**) and NH3 (**Ammonia**) Cu2+ (aq) + 4 NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH3)4]2+ (aq) **tetraamminecopper(II)** → **Tetraammine copper (II) ion**
Deep blue Decantate
34
Reaction of **[Cu(NH3)4]2+ and K4[Fe(CN)6]** *"Tetraammine copper (II) ion and Potassium Ferrocyanide"* **2Cu2+ + [Fe(CN)6] 4- → Cu2 [Fe(CN)6]** "Ferrocyanide → Copper (II) Ferrocyanide"
Red-brown Precipitate
35
Reaction of Iron and KSCN **Fe3+ + SCN - → FeSCN2+** Ferric + THIOCYANATE ION → Ferrothiocyanate
Bloody Red Complex
36
Reaction of **Zinc** (Zn) and **Potassium Ferrocyanide** (K4 [Fe(CN)6 ]) Zn2+ + K + + [Fe(CN)6 ] 4- → Zn3K2 [Fe(CN)6 ]2 (s)
White, light Green or bluegreen precipitate
37
Are achieved by selective precipitation
Separation or Elimination Tests
38
- subsequent separations may involve differential solubility in **water**, **acid**, or **base**, or performing a **redox reaction** to convert an ion to a different **oxidation state.**
Separation or Elimination Tests
39
involves the addition of a carefully selected reagent to an aqueous mixture of ions, resulting in the precipitation of one or more of the ions, while leaving the rest in solution.
Selective precipitation
40
Once each ion is isolated, its identity can be confirmed by using a chemical reaction specific to that ion which is known as _________________.
confirmatory test
41
often involve a color change or formation of a precipitate characteristic of a particular ion
Confirmatory Tests
42
are most often performed on an ion separated from all others and not on the original sample
Confirmatory Tests
43
is a laboratory device that is used for the separation of fluids, gas or liquid, based on density.
Centrifuge
44
Centrifuge is a laboratory device that is used for the separation of fluids, gas or liquid, based on ______.
Density
45
is a laboratory device that is used for the separation of fluids, gas or liquid, based on density.
Centrifuge
46
__________is achieved by spinning a vessel containing material at high speed;
Separation
47
The _______________ pushes heavier materials to the outside of the vessel.
centrifugal force
48
This apparatus is found in most laboratories From academic to clinical to research and used to purify ____, _______, _____, _____, and _____.
cells, subcellular organelles, viruses, proteins, and nucleic acids.
49
Make sure that you balance the _____ before you start
Centrifuge
50
______ is done by placing a test tube or test tube containing __________ opposite to the test tube containing the precipitate in the ____________.
Balancing water centrifuge
51
The ______ should have approximately equal weights
two test tubes
52
Process of separating by carefully pouring out (without disturbing the solid) the top layer of clear liquid into another container and leaving the lower layer with the solid
Decantation
53
Decantation Decantate or ________
Supernatant Liquid
54
Decantation Precipitate or _________
Residue
55

[PRELIMS Anachem Lab] (5 decks)

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