Experiment #8: Carboxylic Acids And Derivatives

Question 1

TRUE OR FALSE:

Carboxylic Acids is soluble in organic solvent regardless of size

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE:

Carboxylic Acid is soluble in water if it contains 7 or less than carbon atoms and has O atoms to hydrogen bond.

Answer 2

FALSE; it is soluble in water if it contains 5 or less than carbon atoms and has O atoms to hydrogen bond

Question 3

It is a positive identification test for acids

Answer 3

Solubility in 6m NaOH

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE:

Carboxylic Acids is soluble if its ph level is less than 10

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE:

A carboxylic acid that is insoluble in pure water will be soluble in base due to the formation of the sodium salt of the acid as the acid is neutralize by the base (HIGH MW)

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE:

Carboxylic Acid is the strongest organic compound because of its resonance stability

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE:

You can confirm if a compound is an acid if it reacts with a strong base

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid

Answer 7

Esterification

Question 8

A cyclic ester is called a _____________

Answer 8

Lactone

Question 9

What is the by product of Esterification?

Answer 9

H2O

Question 10

What compounds we will need when performing Fischer’s Esterfication?

Answer 10

H+ and HCl

Question 10

This is a test where alcohols react with carboxylic to form fruity smelling compounds called esters

Answer 10

Ester Test

Question 10

In ester test, we used acids as catalyst such as _______?

Answer 10

H2SO4

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE:

By using a weak acid, an alcohol can react with a carboxylic acid (fischer esterification) to give an ester

Answer 11

FALSE; by using a strong acid

Question 12

it involves loss of water (reverse of hydrolysis)

Answer 12

Dehydration

Question 13

What is the chemical reaction of dehydration?

Answer 13

Condensation Reaction

Question 14

It is the reaction with water where decomposition occurs more complex to decompose to simpler molecules

Answer 14

Hydrolysis

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE:

All acids derivatives yield carboxylic acids on hydrolysis

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE:

Ester does not need acid/base catalyst (vigorous)

Answer 16

FALSE; it needs acid/base catalyst

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE:

Amide needs base catalyst and heating

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

What is the positive result of Acid Hydrolysis?

Answer 18

Evolution of heat after addition of H2O, bubble (CO2) formation after addition of sodium bicarbonate (brisk effervesence)

Question 19

Why do we put sodium bicarbonate when testing acid hydrolysis?

Answer 19

Because they react with carboxylic acids

Question 20

IDENTIFICATION:

Alcohols react with ____ to form esters and carboxylic acids

Answer 20

Acetyl Anhydrides

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE:

In Hydrolysis of Acetyl Anhydride, the reaction is slower because acid anhydride aren’t so violently reactive as acyl chlorides.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

**IDENTIFICATION:** These compounds are so reactive that they will react with water under neutral conditions.

Answer 22

Acid Halides and Anhydrides

Question 23

What are the **annoying side reaction** of acid halides and anhydrides?

Answer 23

Air (moisture) sensitive

Question 24

**IDENTIFICATION:** In the Hydrolysis of Acid Halides and Anhydrides, hydrolysis can be avoided by using ___________ and ___________?

Answer 24

Dry Nitrogen Atmosphere & Anhydrous Solvents

Question 25

What is the **basic hydrolysis of esters** called?

Answer 25

Saponification

Question 26

What is the **reverse reaction** of the Fischer Esterification?

Answer 26

Acid Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Question 27

**TRUE OR FALSE:** In Hydrolysis of Esters, addition of excess water drives the equilibrium towards the side of the acid and alcohol

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

They are the **most reluctant derivatives** to undergo hydrolysis, but they can be forced to by the use of vigorous conditions such as heating with 6M HCl or 40% NaOH for prolonged periods of time.

Answer 28

Amides

Question 28

**TRUE OR FALSE:** The carboxylic acid derivatives **vary greatly** in their reactivity with nucleophiles.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 28

What is the **positive result** for Base Hydrolysis?

Answer 28

Appearance of a blue color on the filter paper with ammonia or amine-like odor. After acidification, some compounds form precipitates or heterogeneous mixtures. Observation of characteristic odor of carboxylic acids.

Question 29

**TRUE OR FALSE:** In general, it is **easy to convert** more reactive derivatives into less reactive derivatives.

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

In esterification, what is the carbonyl compound's mechanism?

Answer 30

Nucleophilic Addition