explaining ethnic inequalities

Question 1

functionalism

Answer 1

organic analogy - the societal institutions work together like the organs of a body to ensure stability and proper function

Question 2

functionalism - patternson 1965 host immigrant model

Answer 2

1. immigrants coming to uk disturbed the stability and homogeneity
2. people in uk were fearful of immigrants not adapting to norms
3. claimed hosts were not racists but unsure about changes

Question 3

host immigrant model - 3 stages

Answer 3

accomodation - minimal adaptation and acceptance
integration - immigrants accepted to socialise outside work
assimilation - complete adaption and acceptance from host country

Question 4

new right - sewell 1997

Answer 4

hgih proportion of african caribbean boys are raised in lone parent families
- 57% have dependant children
absence of male role model makes young boys vulnerable to peer pressure

Question 5

marxism - cox 1970

Answer 5

racism is developed by exploiters against exploited
- early capitalism linked to colonialism where racism was used to justify exploiting workers from colonies

Question 6

marxism - castles and kosack 1973

Answer 6

• immigrants serve as reserve army of labour
• divide and rule describes divide between white and immigrant group working class people
  scapegoat: immigrants blamed for social problems to divert attention from capitalism

Question 7

neo marxsim - miles 1989

Answer 7

increasing numbers of ethnic minorities are entering ranks of professional middle class
- white middle class managers may not accept the fact that they have the same status

Question 8

weberianism - barron and norris 1979 dual labour market

Answer 8

primary market: high pay, secure - white men dominated
secondary market: low pay, bad conditions - ethnic minority concentrated
- due to racist beliefs and employer discrimination from managers

Question 9

weberianism - rex and tomlinson 1979

Answer 9

ethnic minorities formed an underclass beneath white working class
- social exclusion
- victims of bad treatment, disadvantage and discrimination

Question 10

black feminism - brewer 1993

Answer 10

black women suffer disadvantages becuase they are from the working class - intersectionality
- each inequality reinforced other inequalities affecting life chances

Question 11

black feminism - mirza 1997

Answer 11

black feminists have actively challenged the dominant image of black women as passive victims of racism

Question 12

black feminsim - connel 2009

Answer 12

link between postcolonial feminism
- gender inequalities causes by colonialism in developing countries are embedded in current attitudes