Explanations Flashcards
Main causes of mutiny in British navy in the 1790s
-low pay
-mistreatment of sailors
Why did France plan to invade Ireland in 1798?
-as a stepping stone to invading England
-the English had been ruling Ireland and Ireland wanted to free themselves from this oppression
-this plan never materialized
Describe Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign.
-the French fleet sailed to Mediterranean Sea
-Napoleon and his army embarked
-Napoleon made a speech in which he proclaimed himself a true muslim
-Horatio Nelson and British fleet found Napoleon’s ships and destroyed most of them
-Napoleon and his men were left in Egypt, but Napoleon snuck off to France, abandoning his army to die
What was the Continental System?
-Napoleon’s policy of closing French ports to trade with England (and really all ports trading with England)
-English responded with Orders in Council, “forbidding neutral vessels to trade between ports closed to British ships.”
Describe the first Italian Campain of Napoleon
-Napoleon invaded Lombardy to inspire ideas of the revolution
-found not only Lombardy (Piedmontese army) forces but also Austrian forces
-Napoleon considered himself liberator of the Italian people (intention to overthrow the Pope)
-resulted in creation of a new state - the Cisalpine Republic
What happened in the French colony of St. Domingue (Haiti) in 1791? How did Napoleon react?
-slave revolt after French Revolution
-slaves won the revolt-crushing blow for France
-Napoleon sent an army but the army failed to restore order
-this man, Toussaint L’Ouverture, was betrayed by Napoleon’s forces
What were Napoleon’s religious views?
-he pretended that he was okay with the Catholic Church, but only so the people of France would like him
-liberal man (believed that the people must be liberated from the authority of the church - goal to separate the state from the church)
-1st big power to show in almost every day of his life
-contempt and indifference towards the Catholic faith and the Catholic Church as a whole
What were some of the main points in Napoleon’s concordat with the Pope?
-Napoleon was to be treated equally as the French monarchs had before the French Revolution
-Pope promises not to seek recompense for property stolen during the French Revolution
-Required government approval of parish boundaries
-Diocesan borders redrawn by France
-Bishops would be proposed by the French government and ratified by the pope
-France recognizes Catholicism as the “religion of the majority”
-The concordat was made so that the priests/bishops had to be occupied with the government officials; a way of getting the French anti-Catholic government close (as much as possible) to the Catholic church
When Napoleon invaded Italy a second time, why did he declare his esteem for Catholicism and the pope? Did he change his mind?
-No, he did not change his mind because he realized that the Italian people didn’t like him because he was against the Pope so he changed his ideas (a POLTICAL TACTIC)
-2nd invasion: Napoleon told Italians that he was exactly like them
If Napoleon had no respect for Pope Pius VII, then why did he invite him to crown him Emperor?
-he did it because the majority of France was Catholic; it would be a way of proclaiming that the supreme authority of the Church agrees with Napoleon
-shows that he is “fine” with the Pope and the Catholic Church (political tactic)
-another political stunt
What ultimately led to Napoleon’s excommunication by Pope Pius VII?
Napoleon had Rome invaded by his army.
How did Napoleon react to his excommunication?
-he got angry and said that the Pope and all his cardinals should be shut up
-his generals took it that Napoleon wanted the Pope kidnapped
-Napoleon said that his men should not have done it because he didn’t want to loose his good image, but he still didn’t let the Pope go
-the Pope lived in Paris for a couple of years
