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8th Grade History > Exploration And Early Colonization > Flashcards

Exploration And Early Colonization Flashcards

1
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa

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2
Q

Joint-stock company

A

A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit

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3
Q

Charter

A

A written contract issued by the government giving the holder the right to establish a colony

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4
Q

Jamestown

A

The first permanent English settlement founded in the New World

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5
Q

Indentured Servant

A

A person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to America, would usually have to work from 7-10 years

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6
Q

House of Burgesses

A

Created in 1619, it was the first representative assembly in the American colonies

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7
Q

Who is responsible for the beginning of European exploration of the New World?

A

Columbus

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8
Q

Spain in North America:
Monarchs began racing to find a ____________

A

Northwest Passage

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9
Q

Spain in North America:
What are the 3 G’s?

A

Gold
Glory
God

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10
Q

Spain in North America:
What did Spain use to conquer the natives?

A

Horses and superior weapons

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11
Q

Spain in North America:
What did Spain use to justify their domination of native groups?

A

Religion

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12
Q

Spain in North America:
What 3 areas of the US did Spain take over?

A

Florida, Texas, and entire Southwestern United States

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13
Q

France in North America

A

-found wealth in Fur, especially beaver
- established a trading relationship with native tribes

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14
Q

The Netherlands in North America

A

-established a fur trade
-colony was established and run as a business
-welcomed people from other countries and practice religious toleration

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15
Q

The Netherlands in North America:
Who was hired by the Dutch to find a North Passage

A

Henry Hudson

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16
Q

England in North America:

A

-England became involved in a series of religious wars with Spain
-wanted a share of land and riches

17
Q

England in North America:
After England’s defeat of the Spanish Armada, who attempts to colonize the New World?

A

Queen Elizabeth I

18
Q

England in North America:
England would have a failed attempt at colonizing _________, but would find success at ________ and ______________

A

Roanoke
Jamestown
Plymouth

19
Q

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

A

-1588-battle between Spain and England
-England won due to bad weather and out maneuvered the ships
-this made England the top power and control the oceans

20
Q

Defeat of the Spanish Armada:
Who stole gold/riches from Spanish ships

A

Sir Francis Drake

21
Q

3 major reasons for European colonization of the New World

A

1.religious freedom
2.economic opportunities
3.political freedom

22
Q

What countries were involved in the exploration of the New World?

A

England
France
Spain
Netherlands

23
Q

What made Jamestown significant?

A

It was the first permanent English settlement in the New World

24
Q

What were the problems faced at Jamestown?

A

-mosquitoes
-starvation
-cold winter
-Powhatans
-bad drinking water
-settled near swamp

25
Q

What was the main cash crop of Jamestown?

A

Tobacco

26
Q

Who brought tobacco to Jamestown?

A

John Rolfe

27
Q

Who saved Jamestown from destruction?

A

John Smith

28
Q

How did John Smith save Jamestown from destruction?

A

He forces a work program
He said if you don’t work, you don’t eat
He initiated trading relationships with the Powhatans

29
Q

What was the name of the government in Jamestown? Why was it important?

A

Virginia House of Burgesses
First form of representative government in the colonies

30
Q

Puritan Beliefs:

A

-wanted to reform the Church of England
-powerful and rich
-harsh in their treatment of people who were not Puritan
-persecuted for questioning church authority

31
Q

Who was the Puritan leader?

A

John Winthrop

32
Q

Pilgrim beliefs:

A

-Puritan Separatists
-no longer believed in Anglican Church
-they were persecuted in England
-they came to new world seeking religious freedom

33
Q

Who was the leader of the Pilgrams?

A

William Bradford

34
Q

The Mayflower Compact

A

-provided a government since settlers had landed outside the rule of a king
-signed by all of the men on board the Mayflower
-it was the beginning of self government and majority rule**

35
Q

Native American help

A

The Native Americans gave pilgrims seeds and planting advice

36
Q

Who was the Native American who helped the Pilgrims survive?

A

Squanto

37
Q

Puritan government structure

A

General Court - stockholders
Extended to male church members
Elect representatives to General Court

8th Grade History (1 decks)

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