Exploration And Early Colonization

Question 1

Columbian Exchange

Answer 1

The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa

Question 2

Joint-stock company

Answer 2

A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit

Question 3

Charter

Answer 3

A written contract issued by the government giving the holder the right to establish a colony

Question 4

Jamestown

Answer 4

The first permanent English settlement founded in the New World

Question 5

Indentured Servant

Answer 5

A person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to America, would usually have to work from 7-10 years

Question 6

House of Burgesses

Answer 6

Created in 1619, it was the first representative assembly in the American colonies

Question 7

Who is responsible for the beginning of European exploration of the New World?

Answer 7

Columbus

Question 8

Spain in North America:
Monarchs began racing to find a ____________

Answer 8

Northwest Passage

Question 9

Spain in North America:
What are the 3 G’s?

Answer 9

Gold
Glory
God

Question 10

Spain in North America:
What did Spain use to conquer the natives?

Answer 10

Horses and superior weapons

Question 11

Spain in North America:
What did Spain use to justify their domination of native groups?

Answer 11

Religion

Question 12

Spain in North America:
What 3 areas of the US did Spain take over?

Answer 12

Florida, Texas, and entire Southwestern United States

Question 13

France in North America

Answer 13

-found wealth in Fur, especially beaver
- established a trading relationship with native tribes

Question 14

The Netherlands in North America

Answer 14

-established a fur trade
-colony was established and run as a business
-welcomed people from other countries and practice religious toleration

Question 15

The Netherlands in North America:
Who was hired by the Dutch to find a North Passage

Answer 15

Henry Hudson

Question 16

England in North America:

Answer 16

-England became involved in a series of religious wars with Spain
-wanted a share of land and riches

Question 17

England in North America:
After England’s defeat of the Spanish Armada, who attempts to colonize the New World?

Answer 17

Queen Elizabeth I

Question 18

England in North America:
England would have a failed attempt at colonizing _________, but would find success at ________ and ______________

Answer 18

Roanoke
Jamestown
Plymouth

Question 19

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

Answer 19

-1588-battle between Spain and England
-England won due to bad weather and out maneuvered the ships
-this made England the top power and control the oceans

Question 20

Defeat of the Spanish Armada:
Who stole gold/riches from Spanish ships

Answer 20

Sir Francis Drake

Question 21

3 major reasons for European colonization of the New World

Answer 21

1.religious freedom
2.economic opportunities
3.political freedom

Question 22

What countries were involved in the exploration of the New World?

Answer 22

England
France
Spain
Netherlands

Question 23

What made Jamestown significant?

Answer 23

It was the first permanent English settlement in the New World

Question 24

What were the problems faced at Jamestown?

Answer 24

-mosquitoes
-starvation
-cold winter
-Powhatans
-bad drinking water
-settled near swamp

Question 25

What was the main cash crop of Jamestown?

Answer 25

Tobacco

Question 26

Who brought tobacco to Jamestown?

Answer 26

John Rolfe

Question 27

Who saved Jamestown from destruction?

Answer 27

John Smith

Question 28

How did John Smith save Jamestown from destruction?

Answer 28

He forces a work program He said if you don’t work, you don’t eat He initiated trading relationships with the Powhatans

Question 29

What was the name of the government in Jamestown? Why was it important?

Answer 29

Virginia House of Burgesses First form of representative government in the colonies

Question 30

Puritan Beliefs:

Answer 30

-wanted to reform the Church of England -powerful and rich -harsh in their treatment of people who were not Puritan -persecuted for questioning church authority

Question 31

Who was the Puritan leader?

Answer 31

John Winthrop

Question 32

Pilgrim beliefs:

Answer 32

-Puritan Separatists -no longer believed in Anglican Church -they were persecuted in England -they came to new world seeking religious freedom

Question 33

Who was the leader of the Pilgrams?

Answer 33

William Bradford

Question 34

The Mayflower Compact

Answer 34

-provided a government since settlers had landed outside the rule of a king -signed by all of the men on board the Mayflower -it was the beginning of self government and majority rule**

Question 35

Native American help

Answer 35

The Native Americans gave pilgrims seeds and planting advice

Question 36

Who was the Native American who helped the Pilgrims survive?

Answer 36

Squanto

Question 37

Puritan government structure

Answer 37

General Court - stockholders Extended to male church members Elect representatives to General Court