export_equine id shit from cram

Question 1

Disease Management and control

Answer 1

Hygeine
prevention
vaccination
veterinary surveillance
knowledge of endemic disease

Question 2

Notifiable disease Exotic

Answer 2

EXOTIC
– Equine infectious anaemia
- Rabies
– West Nile Virus
– African horse sickness

Question 3

Notifiable disease (equine) Endemic

Answer 3

ENDEMIC
– Contagious equine metritis

– Strep Equi Equi

– Equine viral arteritis

Question 4

New disease, carried in fruit bats in Aus. Fatal to humans if in contact with urine or placental fluids. Many horse deaths. Neuro disease

Answer 4

Hendra Virus

Question 5

Role of vets in Control of infectious disease outbreaks

Answer 5

1. Vacc protocol
2. animals not exposed to pathogen, PPE
3. certify health status accuratley
4. up to date with vet surveillance

Question 6

What 3 sign suggest infectious colitis, and will only be admitted with full isolation and barrier nursing?

Answer 6

acute D+
fever (38.5+)
low WBC count

Question 7

Infectious colitis has many potential infectious causes

Answer 7

Salmonella enterica
Rotavirus
C. perfringen
C. difficile

Question 8

Salmonella enterica causes what type of colitis

Answer 8

Acute fibrinonecrotic colitis

Question 9

Salmonella – characteristics

Answer 9

Stressed 
Gram neg
facultative anaerobe 
adhesion+invasion genes 
– interiorized
3 x exo toxins effect cAMP
endotoxaemia

Question 10

C. perfringens and C. difficile

Answer 10

Gram +
Fac Anaeorobes, haemolytic
spore forming & hardy
C. perf = non–motile, toxin A
C. Diff = motile, toxin b–2 (horses) and toxin A (toxic to mphage)

Question 11

Rotavirus: describe properties

Answer 11

• foals, under 2mo
• stressed adults shed
• virkon will kill
• VP4 coating
• infect apices of SI villi

Question 12

Bacterial causes of dermatological disease in horses

Answer 12

Strep. equi equi
Strep zooepidemicus
Staph A
Staph intermedius
MRSA
Dermatophilosis

Question 13

What is the main fungal cause of dermatological disease?

Answer 13

dermatophytosis = ringworm
subcut or systemic
2 types = trichophyton and microsporum

Question 14

Viral causes of derm disease

Answer 14

Viral papilloma – grass warts
Pinnal acanthosis
Coital exenthema – EHV–3
Horse Pox
Papular dermatosis

Question 15

Sarcoids have 6 presentations

Answer 15

1. Occult
2. Verrucose
3. Nodular
4. Fibroblastic
5. Mixed
6. Malignant

Question 16

what are basic features of Strep Equi zooepidemicus &

Stre equi equi

Answer 16

S. equi zooepi = opp path
S. equi equi = obl path, strangles
both = – gram +, fac anaerobe, M–protein = anti phagocytic
moderate skin infections

Question 17

describe type of dematitis caused by Staph A & Staph I

MRSAs

Answer 17

painful, abscesses focal and diffuse
- exudative 
- pyoderma and pastern
- folliculitis (mud fever), saddle rash..
 RESISTANT to penicillin, duh

Question 18

Dermatophilosis

Answer 18

common, contagious, rain scald.

Get dry, and clean, peel off scabs and wash – chlorhexadine

Question 19

Dermatophysosis

Answer 19

contagious and common, self limiting 5–10wks
2wk incubation
topical shampoos if want

Question 20

Grass wart = viral papilloma

Answer 20

self limiting
yonger more commonly
ugly - dont hurt

Question 21

Aural plaques

Answer 21

pinnal acanthosis
blackfly (simulium spp) vector
never rid of
no need to tx, will make worse

Question 22

Coital exanthema (papule on penis, vulva etc) - what causes it and how do you tx?

Answer 22

EHV–3
immunity after infection
venereal
may ulcerate so antimicrobial wash
stop breeding until healed 3wks
incubation 1 wk

Question 23

Sarcoids, caused by flies spreading bovine papilloma virus 1 and 2. how do you tx?

Answer 23

f–blast mutation
get rid asap
avoid homeo tx
radiation best
biopsy can aggravate

Question 24

Neurological disease – viruses

Answer 24

Rabies – uncommon in horses.
West nile virus (arbo) – terminal host = horses/man. can cause multifocal encephalomyeiltis.

EHV–1 –

Question 25

Neuro diseases – bacteria

Answer 25

strangles ––> abscess in brain Bacterial meningitis Clostridial toxins = neuro. Botulism and tetanus – VACCINATE

Question 26

Neuro diseases – protozoa and parasitic

Answer 26

``` Protozoa: – Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Parasite: – Strongylus vulgaris – Trypanosoma ```

Question 27

Strangles is

Answer 27

contagious equine rhinopharynitis

Question 28

Strep equi equi host–path interaction

Answer 28

fomite spread direct (sneezing) recovered animals shed (3–6wks)

Question 29

Clinical signs of strangles

Answer 29

``` incubation = 3–14d pyrexia mucopurulent discharge SM and RP LN abscesses (d7) dyspnoea ––> bastard strangles ––> purpura haemorrhagica (t3 hypersens) ```

Question 30

Tx for strangles

Answer 30

``` PCR nasal–pharyngeal swap and culture – 3 x ", for 3 wks = 85% free barrier nurse/isolation\ndisinfect, high temp wash dont use inf field for 2m water (4wks), wood (8wks) carry – 40mths ```

Question 31

Rhodococcus equi

Answer 31

– foals – supperative bronchopneumonia – chronic and acute – gram + cocci – soil/commensal GIT bact – coprophagy, poor – grass cover – multiplies in alv mhages, destroys alveoli and then peyers patches as spreads.

Question 32

What is hyper–immune plasma

Answer 32

Ab for selected Ag and virulence factors from another horse, injected into foal short term immunity before exposure 500ml, pregnant mare, birth and 21do

Question 33

7 Viral respiratory diseases

Answer 33

``` Eq viral arteritis African horse sickness Equine Rhinovirus EHV 1 EHV 2 Adenovirus Influenza ```

Question 34

Eq viral arteritis: properties and signs

Answer 34

``` ss, RNA venereal and inhaled notifiable stallions only – Needs testost oedema, oral papules, vascular inflam incubation 3–14d np swap, buffy coat analysis, serology titres ```

Question 35

African horse sickness

Answer 35

``` oedema proteinaceous fluid in ISF seasonal arbovirus endothelial damage 3 forms: pulmonary, cardiac and mixed ```

Question 36

INfluenza: properties

Answer 36

``` H = ag helps stick to mucosal surface N = helps cell lysis to become intracellular N = stops mucociliary esc orthomyxovirus incubation – 24hrs ```

Question 37

R0 =?

Answer 37

= number of cases that passes the disease on. | >1 = epidemic;

Question 38

Flu vaccines = ProteqFlu and Prequenza, what are the main differences

Answer 38

- ProteqFlu has 2 x recent strains + 1 x adj | - Prequenza = old strains and lots of adj

Question 39

EHV–1 and EHV–4 are resp diseases. describe the basic properties herpes virus

Answer 39

Trigeminal ganglia Shed 2–3wks Neonate – die; adults – latent

Question 40

describe seizures in horses

Answer 40

Seizures in horses are fine mouth movements. Effects pyramidal tract in motor cortex = v small in horses, as control fine movements.

Question 41

what are the clinical signs of flu

Answer 41

pyrexia, nasal discharge, tachpnoea, coughing

Question 42

what are the recovery recommendations for horses post influenza inf?

Answer 42

1 week off/day ill | quarantine – 2wks

Question 43

what is the reccommended vaccination program for proteqflu

Answer 43

3x vacc req. For dressage, last booster must have been 7d–6mth prev.

Question 44

how should you test to ID a clostridial infection?

Answer 44

ELISA/PCR to tell diff toxins as actual bacteria is saphrophytic

Question 45

how do ID rotavirus

Answer 45

isolate virus in faeces and clinical signs, ELISA

Question 46

what is colitis X?

Answer 46

acute necrotic colitis and dysentery. not actually contagious!

Question 47

how would you tx a streptococcal dermatitis?

Answer 47

penicillin | drain abscesses

Question 48

how do you tx a staphy dematitis

Answer 48

MRSA usually - issue antiseptic washes drain abscesses systemic abx (post- C&S)

Question 49

how do you test for ringworm

Answer 49

culture takes ages with fungi!