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Extemporaneous compounding Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents” ( aqueous or non –aqueous)

A

Solution

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2
Q

Characteristic of solution

A
  • Homogenous mixture
  • The particles of a solution cannot be seen even with a microscope.
  • true solution does not scatter light
  • It is very stable
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3
Q

is used in outpatient or ambulatory settings.

A

Prescription

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4
Q

It is a written direction or order for the preparing and use of medicine.

A

Prescription

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5
Q

Indication: Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection

and Otitis media due to susceptible pathogens

A

Trimethoprim

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6
Q

is defined as a heterogeneous mixture in

which the solid particles are spread throughout the liquid without dissolving in it.

A

Suspension

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7
Q

The size of particles of __ is large enough to be visible from naked eyes.

A

Suspension

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8
Q

Suspension shows __ because of their large size of particles.

A

Tyndall effect

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9
Q

The particles of suspension can be separated through the process of _

A

filtration.

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10
Q

a mixture of two or more immiscible liquids- one being oil based and the other water based, or aqueous

A

Emulsion

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11
Q

Two basic types of emulsion

A

oil-in-water

water-in-oil

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12
Q

Types of emulsion based on droplet size

A

Macro emulsions- (0.1-5 um)
Microemulsions (5-50 nm)
Nano emulsions (20-100 nm)

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13
Q

Types of emulsion based on mode of administration.

A

Oral emulsions
External emulsions
Parenteral emulsions
Rectal emulsions

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14
Q

solid dosage form which contains a mixture of finely divided drugs or chemicals in a dry form meant for internal or external use.

A

Powders

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15
Q

3 methods of comminution

A

Trituration
Pulverization by intervention
Levigation

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16
Q

Continuous rubbing or grinding of the powder

A

Trituration

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17
Q

Result of trituration

A

Hard, fracturable powders

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18
Q

Uses intervening solvent to dissolve the compound and is mixed to enhance the evaporation of solvent. When the solvent evaporates, the powder will recrystallize out of solution as fine particles

A

Pulverization by intervention

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19
Q

Result of Pulverization by intervention

A

Hard crystalline powders that do not crush or triturate easily

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20
Q

Trituration with a small amount of liquid in which the solvent is not soluble

A

Levigation

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21
Q

Result of Levigation

A

Reduces particle size of insoluble materials (ointments and suspensions)

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22
Q

Comminution is also called as

A

Particle size reduction

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23
Q

The glass mortar with a smooth working surface is preferred for particle reduction along with powder mixing. Using a porcelain mortar with a rough inner surface is the best method for blending powder and reducing particle size.

A

Trituration

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24
Q

The powders are mixed on a pill tile (ointment slab) or in a mortar. This method is adequate for mixing small amounts of powders and combinations of powders having the same densities.

A

Spatulation

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25
Processes like this produce an extremely light, fluffy product and are not suitable for the inclusion of potent drugs into diluent solutions.
Sifting
26
A process of mixing powders by shaking or rotating them in a closed container. This method is used when two or more powders have considerable density differences. This mode of mixing does not yield particle size reduction and compaction.
Tumbling
27
solid dosage forms in which the drug substance is enclosed within either a hard or soft soluble shell, usually formed from gelatin.
Capsule
28
Types of tablet
Molded tablet | Compressed tablet
29
Usually made from moist material using triturate mold that gives them the shape of cut sections of a cylinder.
Molded tablet
30
Prepared from mixtures of medicinal substances and a diluent usually consisting of lactose and powdered sucrose in varying proportions.
Molded tablet
31
- Dampened with solutions containing high percentage of alcohol. - Pressed into molds, removed, and allowed to dry
Molded tablet
32
completely and readily water- soluble ingredients that is intended for making hypodermic injection no longer used in most countries
Hypodermic Tablets
33
Hypodermic Tablets example
Dilaudid – Dihydromorphinone HCl | Nitroglycerin Tablets
34
- provide a convenient quantity of potent drug that can be incorporated readily into powders and liquids. supplied primarily as a convenience for extemporaneous compounding and should never be dispensed as a dosage form. - no longer in use and had the dangerous potential
Dispensing Tablets
35
used for making tablet molds or troche molds.
Tablet triturate mold
36
Too much solvent
hard shrinkage
37
Too little solvent
soft tablet
38
Poor water content
tend to powder and wear on edges
39
High water content
harder and less soluble
40
Content uniformity of molded tablets
(85.0 to 115.0%)
41
Evaluation of molded tablets
Content uniformity Dissolution test Disintegration test
42
Compounded tablets last within _?
30 days
43
Nitroglycerin tablets shelf life
- Potent for 2 yrs | - 3 to 5 months once the original bottle is opened
44
Two types of suppositories
- Local action | - Systemic action
45
Once inserted, the suppository base melts, softens or dissolves, distributing the medicaments it carries to the tissues of the region or at the first site of contact
Local action
46
- once inserted the effects will be felt in tissues distant from the site of contact
Systemic action
47
Vaginal suppositories, also called _. That weigh
pessaries, about 5 grams
48
The modern rectal suppository is a __ shape that is about __ cm in length
conical or torpedo-shaped, 2-3 cm
49
Suppositories for adults weigh __ grams each and | children’s suppositories weigh __ gram each.
2 grams each (adult) | 1 gram each (children)
50
Urethral suppositories for males weigh __ grams each and for females, they weigh _ grams each.
4 g each, 2 g each
51
are pencil-shaped suppositories similar in shape to urethral suppositories but shorter in length about 32mm long
Aural suppositories
52
is the oldest and simplest method of suppository preparation. It may be used when only a few suppositories are to be prepared in a cocoa butter base.
Hand rolling
53
a method of preparing suppositories from a mixed mass of grated suppository base and medicaments which is forced into a special compression mold.
Compression Molding
54
Involves first melting the suppository base and then dispersing or dissolving the drug in the melted base.
Fusion Molding
55
A semisolid emulsion products which are viscous with an opaque appearance
Cream
56
Two types of creams
- Aqueous creams | - Oily creams
57
Also referred to as wet grinding
Levigation
58
In this technique, drugs and other solids are dissolved in an ointment base and then combined by melting the ingredient into the base, the soluble constituents are dissolve
Fusion
59
Is a corticosteroid. It is used on the skin to reduce dwelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions
Fluocinolone Acetonide
60
Used to treat the itching, redness, dryness, crusting, scaling, inflammation, and discomfort of various skin conditions
Tramcinolone Acetonide
61
It is used mainly to treat acne, sun-damaged skin, and fine wrinkles
Tretinoin
62
Are homogeneous, translucent, viscous, semi-solid preparation intended for external application to skin or mucuous membranes
Ointment
63
Ointment is also called as
Unguents
64
2 types of ointment
- Medicated | - Non medicated
65
Preparations intended for application to the skin
Paste
66
Sometimes called jellies
Gels
67
Semi-solid systems consisting of dispersions of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle, rendered jellylike by the addition of a gelling agent
Gels
68
Gel classes
- Single phase gels- two phase gels
69
Consist of organic macromolecules are uniformly distributed
Single-phase gel
70
Often referred to as "magma"
Two phase gel

Dispensing 2 (10 decks)

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