External Flashcards
Describe intellectual and linguistic skills
Lack of stimulating and enriching experiences in BAME families
Used of restricted code at home by BAME
Poorly equipped for school as they cannot problem solve or reason
What are examples of intellectual and linguistic skills
Bereiter and Engelmann – black American families have inadequate language for educational success as its abstract
Bowker – lack of English is a barrier to success
However Gillborn and Mirza note that Indian pupils do very well
Describe lack of motivation
Most children are socialised into mainstream culture instilling ambition and competitiveness equipping them for educational success
BAME families are socialised into a subculture that instils a fatalistic attitude that doesn’t value education
Describe Dysfunctional family structures
Many black families are lone parent and single mother families which struggle financially
Lack of strong male role models (Murray)
59% of black Caribbean live in lone parent families compared with 22% white families (Sewell)
Moynihan – Mainly female headed so struggle financially and sees it as a cycle
What are the examples of dysfunctional family structures?
Pryce – Asians are high achivers as they have higher self esteem and are more resistant racism wheres black caribbeans are less resistant to racism so have low self esteem. Also argues that experience of slavery was culturally devasting for blacks as they lost their language, religion and family structure
Describe Asian families
Driver and Ballard
More positive attitude to education
Higher aspirations and supportive parents
Different experience of colonialism – not as devastating
Lupton –
Respectful attitude to parents expected of children, helps in the school environment
However –
Khan - stress and anxiety caused by high expectations, controlling attitude towards girls
Describe white WC families
BAME children often aspire to attend university more than whites as BAME children often see education as a “way up” out of poverty
Sutton trust – 80% of 11-16 year old ethnic minority aspire to go to uni compared to 68% of white pupils
Evans - Street culture amongst children is brutal which spills over into schools causing disruption
Describe Luptons study of white WC families
Lower level of aspiration leads to less parental support
Lupton studied 4 mainly WC schools - 2 white, 1 mainly Pakistani, 1 ethnic
Found that teachers reported poorer levels of behaviour and discipline in the white WC schools despite having fewer children on meals
Blamed this on lower levels of parental support and negative attitude that white WC parents had
What are the criticisms of cultural deprivation
Driver:
ignores positive effect of ethnicity on achievement
Black Caribbean family provides girls with positive role models which is why they’re more successful
Keddie – Culturally different not deprived
What did Palmer say?
Almost half of all ethnic minority children live in low income households, ¼ white children
Ethnic minorities are twice as likely to be unemployed
Ethnic minority households are three times as likely to be homeless
Almost half of Bangladeshi and Pakistani workers earned under £7 compared to ¼ of white workers
What did Mason say about racism in wider society?
“discrimation is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of minority ethnic origin”
What did Rex say about racism in wider society?
Racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and worsens poverty
Housing – more likely to be forced into substandard accommodation than white people of the same class
What did Noon say about racism in wider society?
Sent identical pairs of letters about jobs to 100 UK companies which fake names “Evans” and “Patel” with same qualifications
Companies more encouraging to the white candiates
Why are some ethnic minorities at a greater risk of material deprivation
live in economically depressed areas with high unemployment and low wages
Cultural factors ie Tradition of purdah prevents women working outside the home
Lack of language skills
Racial discrimination in housing
Does class override ethnicity
Swann report
Social class accounts for nearly 50%, if we fail to take the different class positions of ethnic achievements there’s danger that we overestimate cultural deprivation and underestimate material deprivation
Gillborn and Mizra
Doesn’t override ethnicity’s influence
