External Carotid and Veins Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the branches of the External Carotid artery? Mneumonic?
- Superior Thyroid a.
- Ascending pharyngeal a.
- Lingual a.
- Facial a
. 5. Occipital a.
- Posterior auricular a.
- Maxillary a.
- Superficial temporal a.
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Which branches of EC are anterior, medial, posterior, or terminal branches?
Ant= Superior thyroid, Lingual, Facial.
Medial= Ascending pharyngeal.
Post= Occipital, Posterior Auricular
Term= Superficial Temporal, Maxillary.
What does the superior thyroid artery supply? What is its major branch?
Supplies thyroid gland, SCM, Superior laryngeal.
-Superior laryngeal a.
What is special about the ascending pharyngeal artery? What does it supply?
-Smallest branch of ECA
Supplies pharyngeal wall, including tonsils, soft palate, eustachian tube, levator veli palatini m.
What does the occipital artery supply?
-Supplies pharynx and suboccipital triangle.
What does the posterior auricular artery supply?
-Supplies back of scalp
What does the superficial temporal artery supply? Where does the transverse facial branch travel and what does it supply?
- Supplies skin over frontal and temporal regions of scalp, parotid gland, and auricle.
- Travels through parotid gland, passing superior to parotid duct across masseter and face. Supplies TMJ.
Where does the transverse facial artery travel and what does it supply?
- Exits parotid gland
- Passes superior to parotid duct across from masseter m and face.
- Supplies TMJ
Where does the lingual artery originate and travel? Special characteristics?
- Originates from ECA at greater horn of hyoid in carotid triangle.
- Crosses CN XII -Travels between hyoglossus and genioglossus mm.
- One of few arteries that does not travel with corresponding nerve/
What does the lingual artery supply and what are its branches? Which is the terminal branch and location?
- Supplies the tongue, suprahyoid region, sublingual gland, palatine tonsil, and floor of mouth.
1. Suprahyoid a.
2. Dorsal lingual a.
3. Sublingual
3. Deep lingual a. (Terminal between genioglossus and hyoglossus)
What do each of the lingual artery branches supply?
- Dorsal: root and body of tongue (post 1/3), palatine tonsils and epiglottis.
- Sublingual: Sublingual gland, mylohyoid, oral floor and cavity, lingual gingiva of mandibular teeth.
- Deep lingual: Anterior 1/3 of tongue
What is the path of the facial artery? Mnemonic for branches?
- Passes along submandibular gland.
- Passes superiorly over the body of the mandible at the masseter m. in a tortuous pattern to supply the face. TAGS ISLA
What are the branches of the cervical portion of facial a., and what do each supply?
- Tonsillar branch: palatine tonsils.
- Ascending palatine: To pharyngeal wall, palatine tonsil, soft palate, Eustachian tube.
- Glandular a: submandibular gland
- Submental a: To oral floor, chin, submandibular gland.
What are the branches of the facial portion of facial a., and what do they each supply? Which are terminal branches?
- Inferior labial a: Lower lip 2. Superior labial a: Upper lip, nasal septum 3. Lateral dorsal nasal a: Terminal branch, outside of nose. 4. Angular a.: Terminal branch, to nasal root, medial eye
Where does the maxillary artery travel? Supply? Regions?
- Travels through pterygomaxillary fissue and fossa.
- Supplies maxilla, mandible, palate, nasal cavity, muscles of mastication, meniges.
- Mandibular, pterygoid, and pterygopalatine are the 3 regions.
What are the branches of mandibular part of maxillary artery and what do they supply?
- Deep Auricular: TMJ, external auditory meatus.
- Anterior tympanic: TMJ, tympanic membrane.
- Middle menigeal: Meninges, middle cranial fossa.
- Accessory meningeal: Meninges, cranial cavity
- Inferior Alveolar (becomes mylohyoid, inscisive, mental aa.)
- Mylohyoid: muscle
- Incisive: Ant man teeth
- Mental: Mental foramen to chin, labial gingiva of ant man teeth
What are the branches of the pterygoid part of maxillary artery and what do they supply?
- Deep temporal (ant and post): Temporalis m.
- Pterygoid (medial and lateral): Medial and lateral pterygoid
- Masseteric: Masseter and TMJ
- Buccal (buccinator); to buccinator
What are the branches of pterygopalatine part of maxillary artery and what do they supply?
- PSA: Max premolars and molars, corresponding buccal gingiva and max sinus.
- Infraorbital (becomes ASA): Max canines and incisors, corresponding buccal gingiva and sinus.
- Pharyngeal: Pharynx
- Artery of pterygoid canal: Pharynx
- Descending palatine
- Greater: Mucosa of hard palate posterior to max canine.
- Lesser: Soft palate and palatine tonsils. - Sphenopalatine (becomes nasopalatine)
- Travels through incisive foramen.
- Posterior lateral nasal branches and posterior septal branches: Nasal septum, mucosa of hard palate anterior to maxillary canines.
Head trauma at pterion is most likley cause of what due to damage of what artery?
Epidural hematoma of Middle menindeal a.
What is epistaxis? Which artery most affected?
-Nose bleed -Sphenopalatine artery most affected.
What is Kiesselbachs area?
5 arteries meet in the nose. 1. Sphenopalatine 2. Greater palatine 3. Superior labial 4. Anteior ethmoidal 5. Posterior ethmoidal.
What is unique about venous drainage of the head?
Veins in head have no valves.
What do Cerebelli, Emissary, Diploic, Menigeal, Arachnoid veins do for dural venous drainage?
- Cerebelli: Form bridging veins to dural sinuses 2. Emissary: Course thorugh bone to drain 3.Diploic: Spongy bone veins 4. Menigeal: Meninges into dural sinuses 5. Arachnoid: CSF returns to circulation here.
Where is the Cavernous sinus located? What connects directly with it?
Surrounds sella turcica in middle cranial fossa. -Superior ophthalmic vv. -Inferior Ophthalmic vv. -Emissary v. -Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses.
