External Factors Affecting Educational Achievement - Ed Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is material deprivation theory?
Focuses on the income inequality and the effect it has on education?
What is cultural deprivation theory?
amongst the classes: intellectual development, language used/attitudes and values.
What is Cultural Capital?
combination of cultural/material factors that affect acheivement
One way material deprivation affects educational achievement and how?
Diet and health:
MARILYN HOWARD argued that poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals - which poor nutrition affects health. Weaker immune systems = more absences from school, behind in learning causing their educational achievement to decrease.
Another way material deprivation affects educational achievement and how?
Overcrowded housing:
has a direct affect on learning, making it harder to study, no where to do homework and disturbed sleep. Parents might have to have 2 jobs to support the family, therefor causing the older sibling to mature quickly and take on a parenting role, neglecting school work as they see family life more important. Making them behind in learning. The housing could also be cold/damp causing ill health.
Another way material deprivation affects educational achievement and how?
Fear of debt:
going to university - covering the cost of book, living and transport may deter WC students from going fear of debt. Debt could be seen as a negative thing which over weights the benefits of going to university.
Another way material deprivation affects educational achievement and how?
financial support/ the cost of education:
DAVID BULL - the costs of achievement, some students have to do without equipment (can’t afford, equipment such as transport, uniform, books, calculators).
children that have hand-me-downs could be stigmatised/bullied. FLAHERTY fear of stigmatism may explain why 20% of eligible for FSM don’t get used - hunger causes less likely to achieve not concentrated.
TERESA SMITH AND MICHAEL NOBLE - suggest that poverty acts as a barrier to learning.
A factor of cultural deprivation that affects educational achievement and how?
Role of language:
Speech codes: BASIL BERNSTEIN - identifies 2 types of speech codes
Elaborated code: used by the middle-class, wider vocab, longer more grammatically correct, speech is varied. (used by teachers and textbooks)
Restricted code: working-class, limited vocabulary, simple sentences.
Early socialisation with the elaborated code means that the middle-class children are already fluent, more likely to succeed, widening the educational achievement gap.
Another factor of cultural deprivation that affects educational achievement?
Parents education:
DOUGLAS found that working-class parents placed less value on education.
LEON FEINSTEIN, argues that parents’ own education is the most important factor of affecting achievement.
Parenting style, Parent’s educational behaviour and use of income.
Another factor of cultural deprivation that affects educational achievement?
Working-class subculture:
lack of parental interest reflects the subcultural values of the working class. BARRY SUGARMAN, immediate gratification, fatalism, present-time orientation and collectivism.
What is immediate gratification?
focus on seeking happiness in the moment instead of delaying the happiness for a future reward. This encouraged working-class pupils to leave school earlier.
What is fatalism?
when someone accepts their position, belief that nothing can be changed. WC didn’t believe that education could help their position.
What is present time orientation?
focus on the present, lack of desire to plan for the future. WC won’t see a future so they will stop putting effort/ paying attention at school.
What is collectivism?
Loyalty to the group, rather than the individual aspiration which the educational system demands. They will care more about friends care more about being in a group.
What is compensatory education?
aims to tackle cultural deprivation, by providing extra funds/resources to schools and communities in deprived areas.
What are the strengths of Cultural Deprivation?
> logical theory
speech hierarchy, if you don’t have the speech you will be behind in learning.
What are the weaknesses of Cultural Deprivation?
> BLACKSTONE argues that WC parents do care but can’t attend parents evening because of work/childcare commitments.
WC parents might be put off the MC school environment.
WC parents lack the skills/knowledge
Not the only factor that can affect educational achievement.
TROYNA argues a child’s speech is what it is
KEDDIE cultural deprivation is a myth.
What are the policies that the government have put in place to overcome barriers of educational achievement?
FSM
Compensatory education.
EAZ (education action zone)
Aim higher
Pupil premium
