External factors effecting education - class Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are external factors ?
factors outside of the educational system - such as the influence of the family
what is cultural deprivation?
lacking the cultural equipment needed to succeed at school
Most of us gain the basic values and attitudes that are needed for educational success through primary socialisation.
What are the three main caues of cultural deprivation?
- language
- parents education
- Working class subculture
How does language affect education?
language is essential part of the process of education and the way in which parents communicate affects cognitive development
HUBBS- TAIT
found that when parents use language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understanding - ** cognitive performance improves **
FEINSTEIN
educated parents more likely to praise –> child develops own sense of competence
BERNSTEIN
identifies the differences between working and middle class language that influences achievement
( restricted/ elaborated code)
what is the Restricted code?
limited vocabulary and is based off simple sentences.
( speech is predictable and may involve simple words or gestures)
- working class
What is the elaborated code?
wider vocbulary / longer complex sentences / speech is more varied and communicate abstract ideas
- middle class
How does the elaborated code give middle class an advantage?
As the elaborated code is the language used within a school setting and therefore aids the learning
DOUGLAS
working class parents place less value on education - lesss ambition for their children –> children have lower levels of motivation and achievement
FEINSTEIN
Middle class parents tend to be more educated - are able to give children more of an advantage through socialisation.
Feinstein : parenting style
Educated parents emphasise high expectations / constant discipline ( encourages active learning)
Harsh or inconsistent discipline ( prevents independene learding to poorer motivation
Feinstein - Educational behaviours
More aware of how to assist childs learning - able to get better relationship with parents
Feinstein - use of income
Spend income on ways to promote child success ( Bernstein and young - parents more likely to by toys that encourage interllect)
- more likely to lack educational skills
llikely to start school without interllectual skills
What is the working class sub- culture?
The lack of parental interest into children’s education reflects the subcultural attitudes of the working class
With a large sections of the working class having different goals and beliefs to the rest of society.
SUGARMAN
Working class has 4 factors that act as barriers to education
1. fatalism
2. Collectivism
3. Immediate gratification
4. Present - time orientated
S - Fatalism
The belief in fate that nothing you can do in order to change your status
*If you work hard you can change your position within society *
S - Collectivism
valuing being part of a group more then succeeding independently
*individual should not be held back by group loyalties *
S- Immediate gratification
seeking pleasure now rather than sacrificing for future rewards
*working hard, making sacrifices for greater rewards later *
S - Present time - orientation
seeing the present as more important - not having long term goals
- future orientated *
Sugarman ( where do these factors come from?)
Stem from the fact that middle class jobs are more secure offering opportunity for individual advancement.
Encourages ambition
Working class jobs less secure / no way to advance
What is compensatory education?
aims to tack;e the problems of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to these areas –> intervenes with primary socialisation
Compensatory education - Operation head start
In 1960s million dollar scheme pre-school education with aim to develop skills and motivate children to succeed.
- improving parenting skills/ setting up nursery classes / educational psychologist visits
