Extinction

Question 1

Extinction

Answer 1

removal of the outcome when it previously occurred
- reducing CR by presenting CS without US

Question 2

Behavioral variability

Answer 2

different levels of responding from same subject

Question 3

Applied significance

Answer 3

1. exposure therapies

Question 4

forms of recovery from extinction

Answer 4

1. spontaneous recovery
2. renewal
3. reinstatement

Question 5

what does recovery show us

Answer 5

shows that extinction does not eliminate prior learning
- not unlearning!

Question 6

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 6

A return in conditioned response following the passage of time after extinction

Question 7

Study of spontaneous recovery

Answer 7

• Rescorla 2004
• extinguished two stimuli, and tested them after 1 day vs 8 days
• after 8 days it had more recovery

Question 8

who first observed spontaneous recovery

Answer 8

pavlov
- but he though it was inhibition that temporarily was by excitation

Question 9

renewal effect

Answer 9

A recovery of conditioned responding when the contextual cues that were present during extinction are changed

Question 10

ABA technique

Answer 10

• technique for testing renewal effect
• condition in A, extinguish in B and test in A
• testing in A will retrieve contextual cues that will cause recovery

Question 11

who did the ABA design

Answer 11

• Bouton 2008

Question 12

Why have a control in ABA design

Answer 12

to ensure that responses were not due to excitatory associations between the CR and place.
- A goup that was extinguished in the same context A, had the same results as the test group.

Question 13

ABC experiment

Answer 13

• condition in A, extinguish in B, and test in C
• shows that responding memories are harder to retrieve when tested in a new different place. –> no cues means both memories are competing

Question 14

reinstatement

Answer 14

recovery of a conditioned behavior that occurs when the individual encounters the US again

Question 15

Reinstatement experiment

Answer 15

• lebar and Phelps 2005
• participants are shown a blue light then a sound and then just the sound and then tested to just CS to test their fear
• those who got the sound before had more reinstatement

Question 16

Factors that affect extinction

Answer 16

1. number/spacing of trials
2. repetition of test cycles
3. conducting extinction in multiple contexts
4. reminder cues
5. compounding extinction stimuli
6. delay vs immediate

Question 17

Number of extinction trials

Answer 17

• with more tirals there is better extinction

Question 18

spacing of trials

Answer 18

• massed trials produced faster extinction but has more recovery than soaced trials
• spaced are better for therapies

Question 19

Repetition of test cycles

Answer 19

• more repetitions will lead to more extinction
  ex: rats that are tested 8 times a day, the rate of spontaneous recovery decreases

Question 20

effects of conducting extinction in multiple contexts

Answer 20

training in several different contexts can increase extinction

Question 21

effect of reminder cues

Answer 21

presenting cues that were present during extinction trainin enhance extinction performance

Question 22

effect of compounding extinction stimuli

Answer 22

• compounding two extinction stimuli together will deepen the extinction

Question 23

compounding extinction experiment

Answer 23

• rescorla 2006
• condition three separate CS. extinguish 2 together and the will combine their sub-threshold and be less extinguished. but when tested alone, little recovery because it is deepened

Question 24

effects of delayed vs immediate extinction

Answer 24

• delayed will have slower extinction but it will be longer lasting than immediate because of memory consolidation

Question 25

paradoxical reward effects

Answer 25

1. amount of training 2. magnitude of training 3. partial reinforcement extinction effect

Question 26

Amount of training effect

Answer 26

more acquisition trials will result in better extinction because the frustration effects will be greater when expectation is not met

Question 27

Magnitude of rewards effects

Answer 27

- the greater the rewards in acquisition, the greater the extinction will be

Question 28

partial reinforcement extinction effect

Answer 28

partially reinforced stimuli extinguish more slowly than continuously reinforced stimuli

Question 29

explanations for PREE

Answer 29

1. frustration theory (Amsel) 2. Sequential Theory (capaldi)

Question 30

frustration theory

Answer 30

- amsel - non reinforced trials induce frustration and this serves as a cue for reinforced responding - they learn that persistence in the light of frustration pays off

Question 31

Sequential theory

Answer 31

- Capaldi - if the previous trial was non reinforced its memory serves as a cue for reinforcement on the next trial