Extra Bits Flashcards
(6 cards)
Skin replacement requirements
- similar physical properties so it displays similar elastic behaviour
- minimal risk of transmitting disease
- connected to existing network of blood vessels
- not rejected by immune system
- capable of self repair
3 structural motives occurring in a secondary protein structure
Alpha-helix: carbonyl oxygens and amides form hydrogen bonds and assemble into a helix, the large sum of hydrogen bonds in a helix makes it stable
Beta-sheet: carbonyl oxygens and amides form hydrogen bonds, assemble into antiparallel or parallel secondary structures
Beta-turns: allow protein backbone to make abrupt turns
Definition of composite material
Solids which contain two or more distinct constituent materials or phases. The properties of a composite depend on the shape of the heterogeneities, volume fraction they occupy and the interface between the constituents.
Bases
- blood as a base
- A buffer is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa, its pH changes very little when a small - moderate amount of strong acid or base is added, therefore keeping the pH constant.
- Blood is a buffer, containing bicarbonate and carbonic acid. When blood becomes too acidic the bicarbonate ions act as a base and bind to excess hydrogen, forming carbonic acid that can be broken down and exhaled. When blood becomes too basic carbonic acid dissociated to release hydrogen atoms, lowering pH to normal levels.
Normal pH 7.35-7.45
Respiration
- glycolysis
- citric acid cycle
- electron transport chain
- glycolysis changes glucose to puryvate and produces 2 ATP molecules
- citric acid cycle oxidises puryvate to C02 and produces NADH and FADH2
- The electron transport chain uses NADH and e- to pump protons across the cell membrane
- ATP synthase uses pH gradient across the membrane to synthesise more ATP
Anaerobic respiration
- pyruvic acid converted to lactide (human) or ethanol (yeast)
- only 2 ATPs can be produced via anaerobic routes
