Extra Credit Exam Flashcards
(50 cards)
1
Q
The mechanism by which a bacterium is brought into a cell is called A. Exocytosis B. Phagocytosis C. Pinocytosis D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
A
B. Phagocytosis
2
Q
The mechanism by which a ligand attached to an integral protein to trigger an action of the cell is called: A. Exocytosis B. Phagocytosis C. Pinocytosis D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
A
D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
3
Q
The term used to describe the connective tissue that an epithelium lining the digestive tract rests upon the:
A. Dermis
B. Lamina propia
C. Papilla
A
B. Lamina propia
4
Q
The type of intercellular junction located adjacent to the apical surface of an epithelial cell used to seal off the intercellular space from the outside space is a: A. Desmosome B. Hemidesmosome C. Zonula adherens D. Zonula occludens
A
D. Zonula occludens
5
Q
The ground substance of connective tissue is rich in heavily hydrated complex mixture of macromolecules. All of the following are examples of such complex mixtures of molecules EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the exception? A. Acetylcholine B. Aggrecan C. Fibronectin D. Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)
A
A. Acetylcholine
6
Q
The connective tissue with the greatest tensile strength is the
A. Collagen fiber
B. Elastic fiber
C. Reticular fiber
A
A. Collagen fiber
7
Q
The type of fat whose primary role is heat generation is
A. Brown
B. White
A
A. Brown
8
Q
The hormone secreted by adipocytes that binds to receptors in the brain indicating satiety is: A. Ghrelin B. Leptin C. Lipase D. Norepinephrine
A
B. Leptin
9
Q
Resistance to both compression and shear forces is best met via A. Elastic cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Hyaline cartilage D. Perichondrium
A
B. Fibrocartilage
10
Q
Resistance to both compression and shear forces is best met via A. Elastic cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Hyaline cartilage D. Perichondrium
A
B. Fibrocartilage
11
Q
The dendritic processes of osteocytes communicate with other osteocytes via A. Canaliculi B. Lacunae C. Resorption bays D. Trabeculae
A
A. Canaliculi
12
Q
The regulation of bone metabolism occurs primarily in which type of bone
A. Cancellous bone
B. Cortical bone
C. Primary bone
A
A. Cancellous bone
13
Q
Which type of muscle has myofilaments arranged in many planes and anchored to plasma membrane?
A. Cardiac
B. Skeletal
C. Smooth
A
C. smooth
14
Q
Muscle contraction involves the movement of actin and myosin relative to each other. Which of the two attaches directly to the Z-line of a sarcomere? A. Actin filaments B. Myosin filaments C. Both myofilaments D. Neither
A
A. Actin filaments
15
Q
Myelin sheath surrounding a neuron in the cerebral cortex is secreted by: A. Astrocytes B. Microglia C. Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) D. Oligodendrocytes
A
C. Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)
16
Q
Which of the following cells acts as macrophages in the central nervous system? A. Astrocytes B. Ependymal cells C. Microglia D. Oligodendrocytes
A
C. Microglia
17
Q
What type of joint has greatest amount of movement? A. Symphysis B. Synchondrosis C. Syndesmosis D. Synovial
A
D. Synovial
18
Q
Synovial fluid is a product of which type of cell? A. Chondrocyte, hyaline B. Chondrocyte, fibrocartilage C. Synoviocyte, Type A D. Synoviocyte, Type B
A
D. Synoviocyte, Type B
19
Q
All of the following are components of every synovial joint except one. Which one is the exception? A. Articular cartilage B. Articular disc C. Fibrous capsule D. Joint cavity E. Synovial membrane
A
B. Articular disc
20
Q
Flexion of the arm at the shoulder and supination of the hand are produced by A. Biceps brachii B. Coracobrachialis C. Infraspinatus D. Triceps brachii
A
A. Biceps brachii
21
Q
Which of the following muscles flexes the arm at the shoulder joint? A. Brachialis B. Latissimus dorsi C. Pectoralis major D. Teres major
A
A. Brachialis
22
Q
Discriminative sensation (also called tactile sensation) from the right foot travels through the spinal cord at the level of the upper limb in which of the following fiber tracts?
A. Corticospinal on the left or contralateral (opposite) side
B. Dorsal column on the contralateral (opposite) side
C. Dorsal column on the right or ipsilateral (same) side
D. Spinothalamic on the left or contralateral (opposite) side
E. Spinothalamic on the right or ipsilateral (same) side
A
C. Dorsal column on the right or ipsilateral (same) side
23
Q
A lesion of the prefrontal cortex could exhibit all the following behaviors EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Clownish behavior B. Decreased intelligence C. Lack of judgment D. Vulgar language
A
B. Decreased intelligence
24
Q
The region of the brain that consists of strongly interconnected nuclei that influence motor function via feedback to the cortex is the: A. Basal ganglia B. Hypothalamus C. Limbic lobe D. Prefrontal region
A
A. Basal ganglia
25
Sweat glands and smooth muscle of blood vessels on the face receive their autonomic innervation from the
A. Preganglionic fibers associated with the cervical region of the spinal cord
B. Preganglionic fibers associated with the facial nerve
C. Preganglionic fibers associated with the thoracic region of the spinal cord
D. Preganglionic fibers associated with the trigeminal nerve
C. Preganglionic fibers associated with the thoracic region of the spinal cord
26
```
Which of the following is a parasympathetic response?
A. constriction of airways
B. Decreased salivation
C. Increased sweating
D. Vasoconstriction
```
A. constriction of airways
27
```
The sphincter pupillae muscle receives motor innervation from postganglionic fibers of the
A. CN II
B. CN III
C. CN VII
D. Sympathetic trunk
```
B. CN III
28
```
Which of the region of the eyeball is highly vascular?
A. Choroid
B. Cornea
C. Retina
D. Sclera
```
A. Choroid
29
The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin that acts to:
A. Suppress bone resorption by osteoclasts
B. Promote bone resorption of osteoclasts
C. Promote the release of cortisol
D. Suppress the release of insulin
A. Suppress bone resorption by osteoclasts
30
```
Thyroid gland regulation involves negative feedback to the the:
A. Anterior pituitary gland
B. Hypothalamus
C. Posterior pituitary gland
D. A and B
E. B and C
```
D. A and B
31
How do precapillary sphincters in capillary beds function?
A. When a sphincter is contracted, blood flows through the capillary beds
B. When a sphincter is contract, blood bypasses capillary bed
C. When a sphincter is relaxed, blood bypasses capillary bed
D. A and C
B. When a sphincter is contract, blood bypasses capillary bed
32
Autonomic innervation of the cardiovascular system includes important receptors. Which of the following is correct?
A. Baroreceptors sense change in tension or pressure of blood flow in the vessels
B. Baroreceptors sense changes in CO2 and O2 content in the blood
C. Chemoreceptors sense changes in tension or pressure of blood in the vessels
D. None of the above
A. Baroreceptors sense change in tension or pressure of blood flow in the vessels
33
In order, the structures that are part of the conducting system of the heart are:
1. Left and right AV (atrioventricular) bundle branches
2. Left and right AV (atrioventricular) valves
3. Purjinke fibers
4. Sinoatrial node
A. 4, 1, 3
B. 4, 2, 1, 3
C. 3, 1, 4
D. 4, 3, 1
A. 4, 1, 3
34
```
Blood platelets are produced by
A. Erythrocytes
B. Granulocytes
C. Megakaryocytes
D. Monocytes
```
C. Megakaryocytes
35
```
Neutrophils are classified as
A. Agranular cells
B. Granular cells
C. Lymphoid cells
D. Monocyte cells
```
B. Granular cells
36
```
Stave cells are located in the
A. Bone marrow
B. Liver
C. Red pulp of the spleen
D. White pulp of the spleen
```
C. Red pulp of the spleen
37
```
Which of the following does not contain MHC 1 molecules on its cell surface?
A. B-lymphocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Helper T-lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
```
D. Macrophages
38
```
The cells responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid are the:
A. Chief cells
B. Mucous cells
C. Paneth cells
D. Parietal cells
```
D. Parietal cells
39
```
During pancreatitis, pancreatic tissue may be dissolved by the pancreas’ own secretions. Which of the following is a digestive enzyme of the pancreas?
A. a-amylase
B. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
C. Insulin
D. Secretin
```
A. a-amylase
40
```
In the liver, the villi of the hepatocytes that allow exchange between blood plasma and the hepatocytes extends into the
A. Central vein
B. Hepatic sinusoids
C. Perisinusoidal space
D. Portal triad
```
C. Perisinusoidal space
41
True or False? Neuroendocrine cells help to contract the muscle in the conducting portion
A. True
B. False
A. True
42
The nasal cavity’s lamina propria has a rich vascular bed. What is the primary reason?
A. Allow for gas exchange between the blood and air
B. To provide nutrition to the surrounding tissues
C. The blood vessels are necessary to humidify and warm the air
D. A and B
C. The blood vessels are necessary to humidify and warm the air
43
```
The efferent arteriole of the glomerulus
A. Actively reabsorbs Na+
B. Drains directly into the arcuate vein
C. Flows into the peritubular capillaries associated with the arterial portal system of the kidney
D. Has tall microvilli
```
C. Flows into the peritubular capillaries associated with the arterial portal system of the kidney
44
```
The loop of the nephron in the medulla is closely associated with which vascular structure?
A. Afferent arteriole
B. Acurate veins
C. Peritubular capillaries
D. Vasa recta
```
D. Vasa recta
45
```
The cells in the testis that secrete inhibin are the
A. Interstitial (leydig) cells
B. Myoid cells
C. Sertoli cells
D. Theca lutein
```
C. Sertoli cells
46
```
Ejaculation in a male is caused by
A. CN IX
B. Parasympathetic innervation
C. Post-central gyrus
D. Sympathetic innervation
```
D. Sympathetic innervation
47
```
The musculoskeletal system that forms the lower limb derived from which embryonic tissue?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. Trophoblast
```
C. Mesoderm
48
```
Large amounts of progesterone are secreted in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle resulting in a maximum thickness of the endometrium. The progesterone is produced by the:
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Corpus Albicans
C. Corpus luteum
D. Posterior pituitary
```
C. Corpus luteum
49
True/False. Melanin is found only within melanocytes
A. True
B. False
B. False
50
```
Layer of the skin in which the cells appear flat, lack a nucleus and have a large number of keratin filaments is the
A. Basal layer
B. Corneal layer
C. Granular layer
D. Spinous layer
```
B. Corneal layer
