extra exam stuff

Question 1

What is a map?

Answer 1

drawing of the earth on a flat surfcace

Question 2

What is cartography?

Answer 2

the study and making of maps

Question 3

What is topography?

Answer 3

study of the surface features of an area; uses patterns to show relief-differences in elevation

Question 4

What is a region?

Answer 4

areas united by specific factors

Question 5

What is a peninsula?

Answer 5

body of land surrounded by water on 3 sides

Question 6

What an island?

Answer 6

land area completely surrounded by water

Question 7

What is a strait?

Answer 7

narrow stretch of water joining 2 larger bodies of water

Question 8

What is a sea?

Answer 8

a large body of water completely or partly surrounded by land

Question 9

What is a bay?

Answer 9

part of a larger body of water that extends into a shoreline; generally smaller than a gulf

Question 10

What is a gulf?

Answer 10

part of a large body of water that extends into a shoreline; generally larger and more deeply indented than a bay

Question 11

What is the Mediterranean Sea?

Answer 11

sea separating Europe and Africa connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibralter

Question 12

What is an Isthmus?

Answer 12

narrow stretch of land connecting 2 larger land areas

Question 13

What is a harbor?

Answer 13

a sheltered place along a shoreline where ships can anchor safely

Question 14

What is a cliff?

Answer 14

a steep, high wall of rock, earth,or ice

Question 15

What are faults?

Answer 15

cracks in the earth’s crust formed as plates grind or slide past one another

Question 16

Who gives us the most information on the Persian? Why is one more reliable than the other?

Answer 16

the greeks (specifically Herodotus and Xenophon) give us most of our info. on the Persians. Xenophon is more reliable because when he was exiled from Athens he wound up serving under Cyrus

Question 17

Who was Astyages?

Answer 17

Median king. had dream vision that was interpreted to mean that his grandson would overthrow him. so when his daughter married Cambyses of Persia and she became pregnant. Astyages told everyone that her son, Cyrus was still-born (dead) but in reality he had his advisor Harpagus kill Cyrus,but Harpagus does not, instead he orders a shepherd to do it. the shepherd had just had a still-born child so he pretended that that child was Cyrus while he actually raised Cyrus himself

Question 18

Who was Cambyses?

Answer 18

the father of Cyrus.Persian leader, but a vassal to the Median Kingdom

Question 19

How did Astyages get revenge on Harpagus?

Answer 19

Astyages saw Cyrus playing with other children one day. he told Harpagus that he had actually saved him from making a big mistake, but then invited he and his son for a feast. His son was the main course. when Harpagus was shown what remained of his son, he took it cooly…but he was planning on revenge too

Question 20

What is a peril story?

Answer 20

usually used to describethe birth of a powerful person, destined to rule against the odds, and thus protected divinely (Bible ex.)Joseph/Jesus

Question 21

Explain the Achaemenid Dynasty.

Answer 21

came from the Pasagarde tribe:most powerful Persian clan. Cyrus called them to indepedence from the Medes. Astyages heard and gathered his troops-Harpagus lead(he had gathered the other commanders secretly and they were working with Cyrus) when they marched out they switched to the Persian army. Astyages was easily taken as a prisoner, but not killed.Cyrus became the king of the Medes and the Persians. Cyrus honored the Median treaties until Astyages died

Question 22

What did Cyrus do in Lydia?

Answer 22

he marched against Lydia (Croesus ruled and was Cyrus’ grand-uncle). Cyrus left them no time to call for help from the Babylonians. he led a 2 week seige.he sent camels in first to scare the Lydian horse. then he cnquered the capital:Sardis.he captured Croesus as a prisoner and plundered his wealth. when Cyrus asked him what his reaction to see his wealth being plundered, Croesus said that it was no longer his wealth,it was Cyrus’ and the plundering was stopped.

Question 23

What happened in Babylon?

Answer 23

Babylon was ruled by Balshazzar (grandson but called son of Nebuchadnezzar-Daniel 5 ) Cyrus worked with Darius the Mede to take Babylon. the conquest:Cyrus’ army pushed the Babylonians into their city. and they barricaded themselves in:they were prepared to last for a long time like that and theTigris river ran straight through giving them boundless water supply. Cyrus had channels dug and at night they were opened. the river was diverted into the channels and the river bed into the city was clear:the Persians marched straight into the city. Babylon fell on October 14, 539 BC. Belshazzar was killed (Daniel 5/Isaiah 45:1-7/Ezra 1:1-4) Cyrus was the overlord and was hailed as their savior/liberator. Darius was the vassal placed in charge of Babylon.

Question 24

What made Cyrus great?

Answer 24

he presented himself as the benevolant guardian of all the identities and loyalties of a nation

Question 25

Who said:"Great Daedalus of Athens was the man that made the draught, and from'd the wondrous plan;where rooms within themselves encircled lye, With various windings, to deceive the eye." -What was he describing and who made it?

Answer 25

Ovid, in his Metamorphoses said this. it is describing the Labyrinth and Daedalus made it

Question 26

Who said: " these private walls the Minotaur include,who twice was glutted with Athenian blood; But the third tribute more successful prov'd, slew the foul monster, and the plague remov'd. When Theseus,aided by the virgin's art, had trac'd the guiding thread thro' ev'ry part..."

Answer 26

Ovid in his metamorphosis

Question 27

Who said: "Every sate is a community of some kind, and every community is established with a view to some good; for mankind always act in order to obtain that which they think good. But,if all communities aim at some good, the state or political community,which is the highest of all, and which they think good.But if all aims at good in a greater degree than any other,and at the highest good"

Answer 27

Aristotle:Politics

Question 28

Who said: "First house and wife and an ox for the plough"

Answer 28

Hesiod

Question 29

Who said: "Each one gives law to his children and to his wives"

Answer 29

Homer

Question 30

Who said: "Hence it is evident that the state is a creation of nature, and that man is by nature a political animal. And he who by nature and not by mere accident is without a state, is either a bad man or above humanity; he is like the 'Tribeless, lawless, heartless one,' whom Homer denounces- the natural outcast is forthworth a lover of war; he may be compared to an isolated piece at draughts"

Answer 30

Aristotle:Politics

Question 31

Who said: "For to the demos I gave so much honor as is sufficient, neither diminishing their time nor adding to it in profusion. As for those who held power and were admired for their wealth, I saw to it that they,also, had nothing shameful. I took my stand, covering both in the protection of my mighty shield, nor did i allow either side to win unjustly"

Answer 31

Solon

Question 32

Who said:"In undertakings of great import, it is difficult to please all.

Answer 32

Solon

Question 33

Who said:" The mind of the gods is insrutable to men in every way."

Answer 33

Solon

Question 34

Who said:"No man is a good man in war, unless he can bear to see bloody slaughter and can press hard on the enemy, standing face to face"

Answer 34

Tyrtaeus

Question 35

Who said:"For it is a fine thing for a man having fallen nobly amid the forefathers to die, fighting on behalf of the fatherland."

Answer 35

Tyrtaeus

Question 36

Who said:"The most delightful of all music,that of your own praises."

Answer 36

Xenophon

Question 37

Who said:"...who is there would choose to destroy a fellow citizen rather than make a friend of him by mildness and persuasion?"

Answer 37

Xenophon

Question 38

Menelaos

Answer 38

king of Sparta. first husband of Helen

Question 39

Agamemnon

Answer 39

king of Mycenae,brother of Menelaos, called Greeks to war

Question 40

Achilles

Answer 40

king of Pythia. central war hero in the Iliad. kills Hektor

Question 41

Hektor

Answer 41

son of Priam, prince of Troy. respected army leader

Question 42

Paris

Answer 42

son of Priam. ran away with Helen

Question 43

Helen

Answer 43

originally married to Menenlaos, ran away with Paris

Question 44

Aphrodite

Answer 44

goddess of love/beauty. supposedly makes Helen fall in love with Paris. born from sea foam

Question 45

Apollo

Answer 45

god of sun/archery/music

Question 46

Ares

Answer 46

god of war

Question 47

Artemis

Answer 47

goddess of the hunt

Question 48

Athena

Answer 48

goddess of wisdom/prominent in the epics

Question 49

Demeter

Answer 49

goddess of the plenty/harvest

Question 50

Hades

Answer 50

god of dead (underworld)

Question 51

Hephaistos

Answer 51

blacksmith of the gods (fire)

Question 52

Hera

Answer 52

goddess of marriage. married to Zeus.queen of the gods

Question 53

Hermes

Answer 53

messanger of the gods

Question 54

Hestia

Answer 54

goddess of the hearth/trade

Question 55

Kronos

Answer 55

married Rhea. Golden Age,father of the gods, titan over time

Question 56

Persephone

Answer 56

queen of underworld.goddess of springtime

Question 57

Poseidon

Answer 57

god of the sea

Question 58

Zeus

Answer 58

god of the sky/king of gods

Question 59

Polemarch

Answer 59

colonel in each Spartan morae

Question 60

Croesus

Answer 60

king of Lydia.bornin 595 bc. grand-uncle of Cyrus the great

Question 61

Tyrtaeus

Answer 61

Spartan poet on military themes. schoolmaster from Athens. went to Sparta to strenthen their moral.believed in consulting oracles

Question 62

Lycurgus

Answer 62

law giver,founded institutions of ancient Sparta.inspired by Crete. determined powers of the assembly of elders.devised the military system that made Sparta unique. starved himself to death to show that he was not power hungry

Question 63

Xenophon

Answer 63

Greek historian/philosopher born in 430 BC in Attica.joined Greek mercanaries under Cyrus. exiled from Athens

Question 64

Midas

Answer 64

Phyrgian king. son of Gordius given by Dionysus the power to turn everything he touched into gold (gave Croesus his vast treasures)

Question 65

Lydia

Answer 65

ancient kingdom under Croesus.inlcuded most of Asia Minor

Question 66

elegies

Answer 66

a mournful,melancholy, or plaintive poem,especially a lament for the dead

Question 67

What are some of the economic benefits of being a noble warrior?

Answer 67

best food/wine best estates/best place at table. ability to be involved with politics

Question 68

What are the battlefield ethics of Sparta?

Answer 68

never back down.organized. cowards punished.honorable death desired. never leave a man behind

Question 69

What are Solon's standards of a happy life?

Answer 69

enjoy the good things in life. long life. have kids. live to see grandkids. prosperous kingdom/ die honorably by protecting others and have a large honored funeral

Question 70

What are the values/practices of Spartan life?

Answer 70

every man was educated in military-transformed into a hoplite.all warriors had involvement in politics. sparse population,but strong community.women were educated and trained to be strong. strong men and women married and had children so that the children would be warrior material. if an older an married a younger girl he could choose a fit young man to impregnate his wife and have the child as his own. young boys did constant labor. when they walked in public they hid their hands, were silent,and did not make eye contact with anyone. hunting was important for boys to learn. meals were eaten in public mess halls to prevent anyone from eating too much and becoming fat. no alchohol consumption because they had to walk home in the dark. anyone had control over anyone's kids.no concern in making money. humility was prided. ephors had vast power.

Question 71

What is the structure of the Spartan army?

Answer 71

hoplites. 6 morae of heavy infantry/calvary. each had a polemarch, 4 captains, 8 lieutenants, and 6 commanders,the morae were ready to form single file/3files wide/6 files wide.

Question 72

What was the uniforms of the Spartans?

Answer 72

crimson. heavy bronze shield. not feminine. long hair to look scary

Question 73

Why did Xenophon believe that the farmers were better soldiers?

Answer 73

farming required devotion. they had no sense of luxury. they were physically trained by hard work. they knew how to make food from the earth and survive on it. the were willing to march head on with the enemy to survive/defend. encouraging to fellow soldiers. obedient. stayed at post