Extra Misc. Questions

Question 1

_____ on the TCR binds to Ag

Answer 1

α subunit

Question 2

list the Igs with a J-chain

Answer 2

IgM (pentamer), IgA (dimer)

-J-chain deficiency => no production of these Igs

Question 3

AID is responsible for….

Answer 3

-class switching
-somatic hypermutation
(note- occurs in secondary lymphoid organs)

Question 4

RAG1/RAG2 are responsible for….

Answer 4

somatic recombination

Question 5

what does Invariant Chain-Associated Pathway refer to

Answer 5

• MHC-II / endogenous / endocytic pathway

- invariant chain + CLIP protects MHC-II receptor

Question 6

_____ removes CLIP from MHC-II and replaces it with Ag

Answer 6

HLA-DM

Question 7

why does Gram+ stain more purple than Gram-

Answer 7

crystal violet stains peptidoglycan: Gram+ has more cross-linking, Gram- has weaker cross-linking and therefore stains less

Question 8

what part of the endospore is responsible for it chemical and heat resistance

Answer 8

Ca Dipicolinate

Question 9

Gram (+/-) are more susceptible to antiseptics (explain why)

Answer 9

Gram+ b/c the lack of outer membrane allows more movement of macromolecules into the cell (Gram- take up less antiseptic molecules)

Question 10

_____ has the largest number of different microorganisms in the body

Answer 10

large intestine

Question 11

Dengue virus has the following nucleic acid composition….

Answer 11

dsRNA (positive sense- acts as mRNA)

Question 12

positive sense vs negative sense RNA

Answer 12

Pos: RNA strand acts as mRNA

Neg: RNA strand acts as template

Question 13

SARS resevoirs

Answer 13

cats and bats

Question 14

differentiate the coverage between Medicare and Medicaid

Answer 14

Medicare: elderly, disabled

Medicaid: poor, children

Question 15

list the breakdown of insurance coverage in the US by type (percentage)

Answer 15

• employer 47%
• government 33%
• uninsured 13%
• self-pay 7%

Question 16

what is RADAR (in suspected drug use)

Answer 16

R- routinely screen
A- ask questions
D- document findings
A- assess safety
R- review and refer

Question 17

list schedule of the following vaccines: Hep B, MMR, Polio, TDaP (for neonates)

Answer 17

• Hep B: born, 1 m/o, 6 m/o
• MMR: 1 y/o
• TDaP: 2, 4, 6 m/o
• Polio: 2, 4, 6 m/o

Question 18

Give the most effective/useful definition of what a p-value means

Answer 18

how likely it is we would observe an effect as large or larger GIVEN THE NULL IS TRUE

Question 19

IL-3 function

Answer 19

stimulate bone marrow – inc myeloid progenitor cells

Question 20

IL-7 function

Answer 20

stimulates lymphoid progenitors via HSC

Question 21

IL-5 function

Answer 21

stimulates generation and activation of eosinophils

Question 22

____ stimulates generation and activation of eosinophils

Answer 22

IL-5

Question 23

IFN-γ is mainly secreted by….

Answer 23

• Th1 (CD4+) cells

- somewhat NK cells (via IL-12)

Question 24

IFN-γ secretion from (1) cells is induced by (2) from macrophages and dendritic cells

Answer 24

1- NK cells

2- IL-12

Question 25

____ activates NADPH oxidase

Answer 25

IFN-γ

Question 26

____ enhances expression of MHC-I/II

Answer 26

IFN-γ

Question 27

MAC deficiency leads to _____ infections

Answer 27

Nesseria Meningitidis

Question 28

NK cells activate macrophages via (1) macrophages activate NK cells via (2)

Answer 28

1- IFN-γ | 2- IL-12

Question 29

____ is a complement byproduct that is the most prominent chemotactic factor and anaphylatoxin at the same time

Answer 29

C5a

Question 30

absent ___ from complement results in autoimmune disease

Answer 30

C3b

Question 31

(T/F) only the adaptive immune system is involved in autoimmune diseases

Answer 31

T

Question 32

in a viral infection, ____ is secreted to neighboring cells

Answer 32

INF-α, INF-β

Question 33

_____ induces chemokine release

Answer 33

IL-1, TNF-α (=> IL-8 + other chemokines)

Question 34

____ is generated in a phagolysosome after fusion

Answer 34

hypocholorite

Question 35

____ cells secrete CKs to stimulate isoswitching and production of specific IgG

Answer 35

CD4+ Th cells

Question 36

IL-10 production and function

Answer 36

- produced by macrophages (mainly) and Tr/Th2 (somewhat) | - inhibits inflammatory CKs: TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6

Question 37

_____ binds Basophils to trigger Histamine release when triggered by Ag/allergic rxn

Answer 37

IgE

Question 38

class switching occurs in (1) via (2) enzyme; it is stimulated by (3) to switch to IgE

Answer 38

1- secondary lymphoid organs 2- AID 3- IL-4 (+ IL-5)

Question 39

____ is responsible for the release of serum immune proteins

Answer 39

TNF-α

Question 40

List study types that use Odds Ratios and those that use relative

Answer 40

Odds Ratio: case control, cross-sectional Relative Risks: cohort, RCTs

Question 41

granulomas visible on X-Rays are due to....

Answer 41

INF-γ

Question 42

what is a key sign of LAD in a neonate

Answer 42

persistent umbilical stump (Absent β-2 integrin subunit)

Question 43

CD18 is found on (1) CD14 is found on (2)

Answer 43

1- neutrophils 2- monocytes (dendritic cells)

Question 44

PAMP recognition by monocytes is completed by...

Answer 44

CD14

Question 45

Catalase+ test indicates the presence of the following....

Answer 45

catalase, SOD enzymes

Question 46

CD25 indicates...

Answer 46

active T-cell

Question 47

____ from complement binds to mast cell for Histamine release

Answer 47

C3a

Question 48

Pygamalion effect

Answer 48

researcher expects treatment group to do better and has more positive view or documents more positive outcomes