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Ob / Gyn 2 > Extra Pelvic Pathology > Flashcards

Extra Pelvic Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

A septum remains in the lumen of the vagina between what

A

Urogential sinus

Upper vagina

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2
Q

What is the structure called when the septum remains in the lumen of the vagina

A

Hymen

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3
Q

An imperforated hymen occurs if

A

The hymen does not rupture

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4
Q

If the hymen does not rupture it causes

A

Hydrocolpos

Hematocolpos

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5
Q

What are the types of retention of fluid in the pelvis

A

Hydrocolpos

Hydrometrocolpos

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6
Q

What is hydrocolpos

A

Fluid in the vagina
Occurs before puberty
Is the retention of vaginal secretions

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7
Q

What is hydrometrocolpos

A

The more severe form of hydrocolpos
Occurs before menses or after menopause
It is secreations in the uterus and vagina

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8
Q

Hematocolpos

A

Occurs after puberty

Blood trapped in the vagina

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9
Q

Hematometra

A

Retention of blood in the uterus

Typically caused by a imperorate hymen

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10
Q

Hematometrocolpos

A

Blood in the uterus and vagina

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11
Q

What is the role of sonography in hema/hydrocolpos

A

Identify the level of obstruction
Evaulate the echogenicity
Look for fluid fluid levels

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12
Q

What is fluid fluid levels

A

When there is 2 different types of fluid present in the same area

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13
Q

What are gartner’s duct cysts and what are they caused by

A

Cysts along the vagina

Caused by mesonephric duct

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14
Q

Gartner’s duct cysts can occur

A

In single or multiple

Usually on the lateral or anterolateral wall

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15
Q

Gartner’s duct cysts usually are

A

Asymptomatic and found incidentally

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16
Q

In cases of vagnial carcinaoma is sonography used in the diagnosis

A

No

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17
Q

What is sonography used for in cases of vaginal CA

A

To help stage

To assess pelvic spread and distal metastasis

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18
Q

What is a nabothian cyst

A

A common retention cyst that usually occurs in multiples

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19
Q

What makes up a nabothian cyst

A

Entrapped cervical secreations

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20
Q

Ca of the cervix is diagnosed

A

Clinically, with a PAP smear

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21
Q

What can Ca of the cervix cause obstruction of

A

Uterus

Renal

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22
Q

What is the role of sonography in Ca of the cervix

A

Used to help stage

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23
Q

What are the risk factors for cervical Ca

A 
Infection by HPV
Early sexual activity 
Multiple sexual partners 
Low socioeconomic status 
Smoking 
BCP
Weakened immune system 
DES in utero
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24
Q

What is the sonographic findings of cervical Ca

A 
Hematometra from cervical stenosis 
Multiple cystic areas within a solid cervical mass
Bulky cervix 
Irregular cervical boarders 
Mass extending form cervix to pelvic sidewall 
Tumor invasion of the bladder 
Hydronephrosis 
Liver Mets 
Paraaortic nodes
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25
A incompetent cervix can cause
Preterm labour and delivery
26
A incompetent cervix will have what in the 2nd or early 3rd trimester
Cervical effacement
27
What are the causes of a incompetent cervix
Trauma DES Idiopathic
28
What is the best way to asses for a incompetent cervix
Tarnslabial | Trans vaginal
29
What is DES
Diesthlstilbestrol Discontinued in 1971 Caused t shaped uteruses
30
What are the 2 different types of adnexal pathology
Endometriosis | PID
31
Endometriosis is
The growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity
32
What are the 2 types of endometriosis
Internal | Eternal
33
What is another name for internal endometriosis
Adenomyosis
34
What is external endometriosis called
Endometriosis
35
Endometriosis usually occurs where
Ovaries Fallopian tubes Broad ligament Pouch of Douglas
36
Endometriosis can cause
Adhesions
37
What are the symptoms of endometriosis
``` Dysmenorrhea Dysparunia Infertility Menorrhagia Palpable mass -endometrioma ```
38
What is a endometrioma
Aka chocolate cyst Well defined, predominantly cystic mass with low level echos Can see fluid to fluid levels
39
Is endometriosis easy or difficult to diagnosis with sonography
Difficult
40
What are the DDx for endometriosis
Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst Ovarian cyst adenoma Turbo-ovarian abscess
41
What is the Tx for endometriosis
Drugs Laser surgery Hysterectomy Oophrectomy
42
PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease
43
What are the causes of PID
STI | Pyogenic
44
What are the different STI’s that can cause PID
Gonorrhea | Chlamydia
45
What are the different Pyogenic causes for PID
IUCD Surgery Postpartum Crohon’s disease
46
What is stage 1 PID
Asymptomatic Or Vaginal discharge and tenderness
47
What is stage 2 PID
Febrile Acute pelvic pain Abnormal vaginal bleeding -can develop hydrosalpinx
48
What is stage 3 PID
TOA stage Acute abdominal pain Increased WBC; can develope Fitzhugh Curtis syndrome
49
What is Fitzhugh Curtis Syndrome
Pain on inspiration. Perihepatitis - inflammation of the liver capsule RUQ pain Small absecesses on liver capsule- can lead to adhesions Increased liver enzymes
50
Salpingitis occurs
When the Fallopian tube walls become thickened and edmeatous
51
What can happen in salpingitis when the tubes are blocked
Pyosalpinx
52
Once pyosalpinx is treated and the infected material is reabsorped what is the chronic result
Hydrosalpinx
53
Sonographic appearance of stage 1 PID
Thick endo | Fluid in the endo canal or normal appearance
54
What is the sonographic appearance of stage 2 PID
Hypoechoic s-shaped Fallopian tubes with low-level echoes | Fallopian tube walls are smooth
55
What is the sonographic apperance of stage 3 PID
Multiocular mass Irregular boarders Fluid-fluid layers, air within mass
56
What is the sonographic appearance of chronic PID
Distended S-shaped tubes | Thin walls
57
What is the DDx of chronic PID
Ovarian cyst | Small cystadenoma as
58
Hermaphroditism is when a person
Possesses both male and femal sex traits +/- ambiguous genitalia
59
true hermaphroditism
Possessing both ovarian and testicular tissue Infertile Increase risk for gonadal Ca Can be due to the fusion of 2 heterozygous twin zygotes right after fertilization
60
Pseudo hermaphroditism
Possessing chromosomes for one sex but developing sex traits of the opposite sex
61
A male pseudo hermaphrodite is and what can cause it
Genetically male but has female characteristics | - lack of androgens
62
A female pseudo hermaphrodite is and what can cause it
Genetically female but has male charactistics -excessive androgens
63
CHEETAH
``` Cystadenoma /ca Hemorrhagic cyst Ectopic Endometrioma Teratoma Abscess Hydrosalpinx ```
64
Sonography with pelvic masses
Confirm the presence of mass Determine the masses origin Evaulate: size, echogencity, consistency, contour of mass, vasculature Demonstrate the involvement of other organs Document if ascites to other metastatic lesions are present

Ob / Gyn 2 (8 decks)

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