extrachromosomal inheritance tapos population genetics

Question 1

Members of a species
can interbreed &
produce fertile
offspring

Answer 1

Gene Pool

Question 2

all of the
alleles of all individuals
in a population

Answer 2

Gene pool

Question 3

A group of the
same species living
in an area

Answer 3

Populations

Question 4

Formation of new
species and Requires very long periods of time

Answer 4

Speciation

Question 5

study of genetic
variation within a
population

Answer 5

Population genetics

Question 6

Emphasis on
quantitative
characters

Answer 6

Combines Darwinian
selection and
Mendelian inheritance

Question 7

comprehensive
theory of evolution
(Modern Synthesis
Theory)

Answer 7

1940s

Question 8

are responsible for
the inheritance of characteristics

Answer 8

GENES

Question 9

not
individuals, evolve due to natural selection
& genetic drift

Answer 9

POPULATIONS

Question 10

usually is due
to the gradual accumulation of small genetic
changes

Answer 10

SPECIATION

Question 11

Used to describe a non-evolving population.

Answer 11

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Question 12

meiosis and random fertilization have no effect on the overall gene pool.

Answer 12

Shuffling of alleles

Question 13

are NOT
expected to actually be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

Answer 13

Natural populations

Question 14

from Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium usually results in
evolution

Answer 14

Deviation

Question 15

5 Assumptions of the H-W Principle

Answer 15

Large population size
No migration
No net mutations
Random mating
No natural selection

Question 16

small populations have fluctuations in allele
frequencies

Answer 16

Large population size

Question 17

immigrants can change the frequency of an
allele by bringing in new alleles to a
population.

Answer 17

No migration

Question 18

if alleles change from one to another, this
will change the frequency of those alleles

Answer 18

No net mutations

Question 19

if certain traits are more desirable, then individuals with those traits will be
selected and this will not allow for random
mixing of alleles.

Answer 19

Random mating

Question 20

if some individuals survive and reproduce
at a higher rate than others, then their
offspring will carry those genes and the
frequency will change for the next
generation.

Answer 20

No natural selection

Question 21

The gene pool of a NON-EVOLVING population remains BLANK over multiple
generations

Answer 21

CONSTANT

Question 22

the change in the gene pool of a small
population due to chance

Answer 22

Genetic Drift

Question 23

success in reproduction based on heritable
traits results in selected alleles being passed to
relatively more offspring

Answer 23

Natural Selection

Question 24

is genetic exchange due to the migration of
fertile individuals or gametes between
populations

Answer 24

Gene Flow

Question 25

a change in an organism’s DNA Mutations can be transmitted in gametes to offspring

Answer 25

Mutation

Question 26

Mates are chosen on the basis of the best traits

Answer 26

Non-random mating

Question 27

Causes of Microevolution 5

Answer 27

Genetic Drift Natural Selection Gene Flow Mutation Non-random mating

Question 28

a drastic reduction in population (volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides …)

Answer 28

Bottleneck Effect

Question 29

occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population

Answer 29

Founder Effect

Question 30

have little genetic variation in their gene pool

Answer 30

Cheetahs

Question 31

Modes of Natural Selection 3

Answer 31

Directional Selection Disruptive selection Stabilizing Selection

Question 32

Favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range

Answer 32

Directional Selection

Question 33

Favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes

Answer 33

Disruptive selection

Question 34

Favors intermediate over extreme phenotypes

Answer 34

Stabilizing Selection

Question 35

often result in little or no benefit to an organism, or are often harmful

Answer 35

Mutations

Question 36

source of most genetic differences between individuals in a population

Answer 36

Genetic Recombination

Question 37

Often occurs between parasite & host and flowers & their pollinators

Answer 37

Co-evolution

Question 38

also known as cytoplasmic or extranuclear inheritance, also refers to the inheritance of traits that are not controlled by chromosome genes. Discovered by Boris Ephrussi.

Answer 38

Extrachromosomal Inheritance

Question 39

Possess their own DNA, known as Chloroplast DNA

Answer 39

Chloroplast Inheritance

Question 40

Chloroplast Inheritance discovered by

Answer 40

Carl Correns and Erwin Baur in 1909

Question 41

Is the main form of extrachromosomal inheritance in animals

Answer 41

Mitochondrial Inheritance

Question 42

Refers to a mode of inheritance where genetic material or traits are inherited from a single parent, either the mother or the father

Answer 42

Uniparental Inheritance

Question 43

Is a less common form of extrachromosomal inheritance where genetic material from both parents contributes to the traits encoded by the extrachromosomal organelles

Answer 43

Biparental Inheritance

Question 44

Is a mode of extrachromosomal inheritance that involves the random distribution of cytoplasmic elements during cell division in asexual reproduction

Answer 44

Vegetative Segregation