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patient care 2 > Extraoral Exam > Flashcards

Extraoral Exam Flashcards

1
Q

what does atypical mean

A

not present in all individuals but still within normal limits

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2
Q

what does pathologic mean

A

associated with infection, trauma, neoplastic growth, errors in development

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3
Q

what is hemiplegia

A

paralysis one side usually from stroke

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4
Q

what is paraplegia

A

paralysis both sides

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5
Q

what is hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side

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6
Q

what is paraparesis

A

weakness on both sides

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7
Q

what is ataxic gait

A

presence of abnormal uncoordinated movements
-unsteady, staggering gait
-walking is uncoordinated and not ordered

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8
Q

what are parkisonian gaits and examples

A

motor disturbances-resting tremors
-tremor
-rigidity
-postural instability
-hypokinesia

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9
Q

what are the guidelines of interacting with wheelchair riders

A

-avoid presumptions
-greet normal
-speak directly
-learn locations of ramps
-offer help

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10
Q

how do you do a wheelchair transfer

A

-position wheelchair as close as possible
-lock wheels
-fold footrest out of the way

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11
Q

what is marfans syndrome and incidence

A

genetic disorder that affects the bodys connective tissue, effects about 1-5,000

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12
Q

what are symptoms of marfans syndrome

A

-tall
-thin
-arachnodactily
- wingspan> height
- chest concavity
-heart murmur
-spine abnormalities

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13
Q

what to do if you notice head lice

A

dismiss patient and vacuum chair

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14
Q

what does HEENT stand for

A

head, eyes, ears, nose, throat

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15
Q

what is prognathic

A

protruding mandible

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16
Q

what is retrognathic

A

retrusive mandible

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17
Q

what are the cancer precautions

A

-if on chemo they are immunocompromised
-head and neck radiation therapy: xerostomia, mucosal irritation, cervical caries

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18
Q

what is the most common skin disorder, where is it located, and what is the incidence rate

A

basal cell, middle 2/3 of face, more than 3 million cases in the US per year

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19
Q

describe squamous cell carcinoma

A

-irregular borders
-crusty surface
-persistent thick rough scaly patches

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20
Q

what percentage of cancers does squamous cell carcinoma make up

A

90%

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21
Q

describe a melanoma

A

-multiple colors
-irregular borders
-flat or slightly raised borders and somewhat asymmetrical in form
-highly infiltrative

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22
Q

what are nodular melanomas

A

aggressive lesions that have only a vertical growth

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23
Q

what is ptosis and what can it indicate

A

eyelid lag, sometimes sign of past stroke

24
Q

what is occular hypertelorism

A

excess spacing between eyes

25
Q

what is exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eye

26
Q

what is exophthalmos a sign of

A

hyperhtyroidism

27
Q

what are the lymph node groups

A

-cervical
-axillary
-inguinal
-internal (pelvis, abdominal, thoracic

28
Q

what are the cervical lymph nodes

A

-submental
-submandibular
-tonsilar/jugulodigastric
-preauricular
-postauricular
-occipital
-anterior cervical chain
-supraclavicular
-posterior cervical chain

29
Q

where are submental lymph nodes located

A

below chin

30
Q

where are submandibular lymph nodes

A

3-6 nodes below the mandible

31
Q

describe the size of tonsillar lymph nodes

A

some of the largest lymph nodes in the cervical chain due to lots of lymphatic drainage. decreases in size with age in cancer free patients

32
Q

where is the anterior cervical chain nodes

A

on top and beneath the SCM, from the angle of the mandible to the top of the clavicle

33
Q

where are the supraclavicular lymph nodes

A

in the hollow above the clavicle just lateral to where it joins the sternum

34
Q

where is the posterior cervical chain located

A

extends in a line posterior to the SCM but in front of the trapezius

35
Q

describe how infected lymph nodes appear

A

firm tender, enlarged and warm, overlying skin may be inflamed

36
Q

how do malignant lymph nodes feel

A

firm, non-tender, matted, fixed and increase in size over time

37
Q

what area is the most common lymphadenopathy

A

cervical

38
Q

what are some clues to routine swelling in lymph nodes from recent infection

A

-tender
-mobile
-current or recent viral infection
-bilateral (not always)
-predictable locations
-long lasting without change

39
Q

what are mumphs

A

infection of the parotid gland

40
Q

what are symptoms of mumphs

A

swelling in the cheek and sore lymph nodes

41
Q

where is the thyroid located and can you palpate it

A

inferior to the larynx and just superior to the clavicles, cannot palpate

42
Q

how do you do a thyroid exam

A
  • place fingers on either side of adam’s apple
    -then slide to just below it
    -ask patient to swallow
    -feel gland rise up then drop back
    -feel for any aymmetry or lumps
43
Q

what percentage of the US have TMJ issues

A

20%

44
Q

what percentage of TMJ sufferers are women

A

85.4%

45
Q

what are TMD symptoms

A

-joint pain
-headaches
-tinnitus
-insomnia
-neck ache
-teeth sensitive to hot and cold

46
Q

what are the causes of TMD

A

-bruxism
-clenching
-stress
-malocclusion
-arthritis
-trauma
-stimulants

47
Q

what are the 3 diagnostic classes of TMD

A

-muscles
-soft tissue of the joint
- hard tissues of the joint

48
Q

what does referred pain in temporalis mean

A

anterior teeth pain

49
Q

what does referred pain in masseter mean

A

posterior teeth pain

50
Q

what are the components of a TMD exam

A

-excessive tooth mobility
-widened PDL
-migration in the absence of period ds
-buccal mucosa ridging
-lateral tongue scalloping
-inspect symmetry and alignment of face jaws and dental arches

51
Q

what are splints for TMD used for

A

-redistribute occlusal forces
-relax the masticatory muscles and stabilize the joint
- protect dentition and dental work

52
Q

what are treatment options for TMD

A

-NSAIDs
-anti-anxiety
-muscle relaxers
-botox
-physical therapy
-surgery
-joint rest, limit joint movement, keep teeth ajar
-soft food diet
- medications to relieve pain and relax muscles
-hot or cold compress
-TMJ physical therapy
-wearing a night guard

53
Q

what abnormal things do you look for in head and neck exam

A

-nosebleeds
-congestion
-trouble swallowing
- lumps in neck, hoarseness, scratchy throat that doesnt get better
-pain in neck, jaw, or ears

54
Q

what is angular cheilitis and where is it found

A

on corners of mouth, usually candida

55
Q

what is one of the first signs of bruxism

A

teeth become sensitive to hot and cold

patient care 2 (8 decks)

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