Extras Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the definition from ICD-10 of a hallucination?
a false sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus
What is a hypnagogic hallucination?
Experienced vivid auditory or visual hallucinations which occur when transitioning from wakefulness to sleep, they are fleeting in duration and may occur in anyone
what is an obsession?
an unwanted intrusive thought, image or urge that repeatedly enters the person’s mind
what is a compulsion?
repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform
what are risk factors for OCD?
-family history
-age: peak onset is between 10-20 years
-pregnancy/postnatal period
-history of abuse, bullying, neglect
what is ERP, used in the treatment of OCD?
a psychological treatment which involves exposing a patient to an anxiety provoking situation and then stopping them engaging in their usual safety behaviour
how long should you continue someone with OCD on SSRI if this has been effective?
continue for at least 12 months to prevent relapse and allow time for improvement
how does the dose of SSRI compare from depression to OCD?
much higher doses used in OCD, and may take longer to see an initial response
what is conversion disorder?
it typically involves loss of motor or sensory function
the patient doesn’t consciously feign the symptoms (factitious disorder) or seek material gain (malingering)
what drugs increase the risk of serotonin syndrome in a patient currently on an SSRI?
triptans and MAOi
what antidepressant would you give to someone on warfarin or heparin instead of an SSRI (bleed risk)?
mertazapine
what other drug would need to be prescribed alongside an SSRi for someone currently taking an NSAID?
PPI- due to increased risk of GI bleeding
when should patients be reviewed after starting an antidepressant?
after 2 weeks.
However, patients under the age of 25 or at increased risk of suicide should be reviewed after 1 week
how should you stop taking an SSRI, why?
slowly reduce the dose over 4 weeks to reduce risk of discontinuation syndrome
what is russell’s sign?
calluses on the knuckles and back of the hand from self-induced vomiting
what are negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
incongruity/blunting of affect
anhedonia
alogia (poverty of speech)
avolition (poor motivation)
social withdrawal
What is the mainstay treatment for personality disorders?
Dialectical behaviour therapy
What does EMDR stand for and what disorder is it used to treat?
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
PTSD
Which SSR has the highest risk of discontinuation syndrome?
Paroxetine
What is a way of differentiating avoidant and schizoid personality disorder?
Both are more isolated and reluctant to engage in social situations however in avoidant PD there is a strong desire to have social contact. Whereas in schizoid they aren’t interested
What is the difference between somatisation and hypochondrial disorder?
With somatisation there is recurrent physical symptoms without an organic cause but in hypochondrial disorder there is a preoccupation with having or acquiring a certain serious illness
What is Othello syndrome?
Patients hold the delusional belief that their partner is cheating on them
What is cotards syndrome?
Patients believe that parts of their body are dead or decaying
