Extras Flashcards
How do ACE inhibitors work?
Inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme to prevent production of angiotensin II, thus preventing it from causing vasoconstriction.
ACE inhibitor side effects
Ramipril - cough
Postural hypotension
GI discomfort
Arrythmias
What conditions are ACE inhibitors cautioned/contraindicated in?
Angioedema - angioedema
Diabetes - low glucose
Postural hypotension
Hepatic impairment
Renal impairment
Hyperkalaemia
What monitoring is required for ACE inhibitors?
Renal function and electrolytes baseline and continuous
What are some common drug interactions of ACE inhibitors?
NSAIDs - nephrotoxicity and hyperkalaemia
Lithium - lithium toxicity
Name 4 calcium channel blockers
Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Felodipine
Verapamil
How do calcium channel blockers work?
Inhibit calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle to prevent contraction/encourage vasodilation.
Side effects of CCBs?
GI discomfort
Tachycardia
Peripheral oedema
Headache
What conditions are calcium channel blockers contraindicated/cautioned in?
Unstable angina
Aortic stenosis
Cardiogenic shock
What are some long-term side effects of prednisolone?
Prolonged use can lead to:
Adrenal suppression
Increase risk of infection
Ulcers
Osteoporosis
Diabetes
Why should prednisolone be weaned?
Abrupt withdrawal can cause acute adrenal insufficiency, hypotension or death. It can also lead to relapse.
How should prednisolone be weaned?
By 5mg every 3-5 days then stop
OR
If on higher doses, reduce down by 2.5mg every 3-4 days to 7.5mg per day then reduce more slowly e.g., by 2.5mg weekly.
What is adrenal insufficiency?
When the adrenal glands produce insufficient cortisol and aldosterone, leading to fatigue, muscle weakness, low mood, loss of appetite, and unintentional weight loss.
