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Flashcards in Extras Deck (26)
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1
Q

The Limbic System

A

Forebrain
- Diencephalon
> thalamus
> hypothalamus

  • involved in motivation, learning and memory
2
Q

Forebrain (Prosencephalon)

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Telencephalon (on Top) is superior
- contains the cerebrum

Diencephalon
- contains the Thalamus and the Hypothalamus (limbic system)

3
Q

Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

A

(substantia nigra)

  • motor function
  • sensory circuits
4
Q

Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)

A

Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Cerebellum

  • respiration and movement
5
Q

Left vs Right hemispheres

A

Left
- language and logic

Right
- spatial perception

6
Q

Lobes of the brain

A

Frontal
- executive function and motor performance

Temporal

  • auditory function
  • memory

Parietal
- sensory skills

Occipital
- visual function

7
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

bundle of fibres that connects the hemispheres

8
Q

Areas of the brain involved in sensory processing

A

.

9
Q

Neurotransmitter-Receptor combination at the synapse between inner hair cells of the ear and the afferent auditory nerve

A

Glutamate -> AMPA

10
Q

Visual transduction pathway

A
  • photon stimulates pigment in the rod
  • activates Rhodopsin
  • binds to Transducin which removes from GDP and binds to GTP
  • activated Transducin activates PDE which reduces cGMP
  • causing closure of cation channels and less NT release
PDE = phosphodiesterase
cGMP = cyclic GMP

Dark current

11
Q

EEG frequency bands

A

Delta (0-4Hz)

  • large delta amplitude is associated with sleep
  • found in frontal areas

Theta (4-8Hz)

  • linked to maximal alertness and altered states of consciousness, such as meditation
  • found widespread in the brain

Alpha (8-13Hz)

  • mental effort is associated with decreased alpha amplitudes, increased alpha is associated with relaxation
  • posterior regions such as the parietal and occipital cortices

Beta (13-30Hz)

  • beta waves are reduced by motor movement
  • most present in the frontal locations

Gamma (30+ Hz)

  • gamma waves are linked to cognition
  • found across the somatosensory cortex
12
Q

Techniques that can examine the structure of the brain

A
  • Cresyl violet staining
  • Retrograde tracing
  • Anterograde tracing
  • Immunohistochemistry
13
Q

Paying attention to a part of the body

A
  • activates left and right parietal cortices
14
Q

Visuo-Spatial neglect

A
  • when drawing items from memory, they are complete
15
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • encoding in LTM
16
Q

Social Working Memory

A
  • short term memory used for social purposes i.e. conversation
  • SWM has procedural and neural overlap with attention
17
Q

Syntactic Recursion

A

we don’t need to learn words through association, we can learn new sentences we have no experience of

18
Q

Phonomic Restoration Effect

A
  • the sound of the word alone is not what we use to determine meaning, we also take into account the context
19
Q

Protopagnosia

A

inability to recognise faces

20
Q

Lateral Occipital Complex

A

large area of the ventral stream of the visual association cortex that responds to a large variety of objects and shapes

21
Q

Duality of Patterning

A

identical morphemes can be rearranged to create new meaning

22
Q

Infinite Generative Capacity

A

.

23
Q

Semantic Coding

A

.

24
Q

McGurk Effect

A

We often bias our perception to visual sensory input

25
Q

Conduction Aphasia

A

poor speech repetition

26
Q

Temporal region loss indicated

A

Alzheimer’s