Eye

Question 0

Lid (sag) ptosis

Answer 0

a congenital or acquired weakness of the levator muscle or paresis of a branch of the third cranial nerve causes the upper lid to droop
compared to the opposite eye.

Question 1

Lid (lag) retraction

Answer 1

The upper lid is slow to react as the eye looks down exposing the sclera between the lid margin & iris. It suggests hyperthyroidism (early
exophthalmos), 7th CN damage or tumor behind the eye if unilateral.

Question 2

Blephaitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the eyelash follicles & Meibomian glands resulting in red, swollen, crusty lid margins; may be associated with allergies, seborrheic dermatitis & psoriasis

Question 3

Stye

Answer 3

a bacterial infection of a gland in an eyelash folliclecausing a well circumscribed red, swollen tender pustule.

Question 4

Chalazion

Answer 4

a hard, painless papule on the eyelid due to an obstruction of ameibowmian (oil) gland. Just like a sebaceous cyst elsewhere on the body.

Question 5

Ectropion

Answer 5

the loss of orbicularis oculi muscle tone with ageing causing the
lower lid to turn outward interfering with proper tear drainage; it may also result from 7th CN palsy.

Question 6

Entropion

Answer 6

inversion of the lower lid due to scar tissue formation on the innersurface of the lid; eyelashes then irritate the conjunctiva & cornea

Question 7

Dacryocystitis

Answer 7

inflammation of the tear sac secondary to chronic obstruction 
or narrowing (dacryostenosis) of the nasolacrimal duct. A painful swollen nodule develops between the nose and eye with accompanying tearing & discharge; usually occurs in infants.

Question 8

Contagious conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Answer 8

A self-limiting bacterial or viral infection causing red, burning, itchy eyes with a discharge that tends to stick the eyelids together overnight. Pain is minimal, vision is not affected and blood vessels dilate from the periphery toward the center of the eye sparing the area surrounding the cornea (limbus).

Question 9

Allergic or chemical conjunctivitis

Answer 9

Have the same signs & symptoms of contagious conjunctivitis but perhaps less thick discharge

Question 10

Pinguecula

Answer 10

Yellow elastic fibers form a plaque on either side of the cornea resulting from chronic irritation (Sunny, dusty, windy conditions) to the bulbar conjunctiva.

Question 11

Pterygium

Answer 11

Sunny, dusty, windy conditions may stimulate growth of the

pinguecula forming a vascular membrane that may extend over the cornea.

Question 12

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 12

microtraumas like coughing, sneezing or straining may cause a conjunctiva vessel to break trapping blood between the clear mucous membrane & the sclera

Question 13

Yellow sclera

Answer 13

as people age the sclera thins and fatty deposits may show
through; jaundice causes uniform yellowing of the sclera where it often appears before other tissues turn yellow (natural light reveals it best); antimalarial drugs have produced harmless yellowing in dark-complexioned people.

Question 14

Blue sclera

Answer 14

Osteogenesis imperfecta may thin the sclera allowing the choroidto show through giving the sclera a blue color

Question 15

Brown sclera

Answer 15

patches of melanin are common in people with dark complexions