Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

upper body - ATP 2324 > eye > Flashcards

eye Flashcards

1
Q

eye

A
  • hollow sphere

- 2.5cm 1in in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lens

A
  • behind pupil & iris
  • contains numerous layers of protein fibers arranged like onion layers
  • lens normally perfectly transparent
  • lens cloudiness=cataract - age related/traumatic
  • enclosed by clear connective tissue capsule
  • held in place by suspensory lig
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

interior eyeball

A
  • contains large cavity

- divided into 2 smaller cavities by lens(anterior, posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anterior cavity

A

-lies behind the cornea
-filled w/watery fluid (aqueous humor)
intraocular pressure result of aqueous humor
-if inadequate drainage, glaucoma (increased pressure) - can be traumatically induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

posterior cavity

A
  • lies behind the lens
  • contains jellylike substance (vitreous humor)
  • keeps eyeball from collapsing & holds retina flushed against interior wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bony orbit

A

-encases eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

orbital margin composition

A
  • frontal bone: supraorbital margin
  • zygomatic&part of frontal bone: lateral orbital margin
  • zygomatic&maxillary bone: infraorbital margin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

orbit composition

A

-frontal(anterior)&sphenoid(posterior): superior aspect
-maxillary, zygomatic, palatine: floor
-thin ethmoid: medial wall
thick zygomatic&frontal: lateral wall
-superior orbital fissure: opening btwn lesser & greater wings of sphenoid(allows passage of cranial nerves& eye vessels
-posterior aspect orbit: optic canal allows optic nerve to reach brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anterior surface of eye

A
  • protection: eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva
  • conjunctiva: membrane that lines eyelids & external surface of eye, secretes mucus to lubricate external eye& reduce friction at eyelids
  • lacrimal glands located above lateral ends of eyes, continually releases tears across surface of eye through small ducts
  • lacrimal ducts locates at medial corners of eyes, serve as drains for moisture from eyes
  • ducts funnel moisture into lacrimal sac then into nasal cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

outer tunic

A
  • sclera (fibrous tunic)
  • thick, white connective tissue (whites of eye)
  • central anterior sclera transparent allow light enter eye (cornea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

middle tunic

A
  • choroid (vascular tunic)
  • highly vascularized
  • anterior choroid continuous w/cilliary body & iris(colored part of eye)
  • central opening: pupil
  • iris controls size of pupil, regulates amt light entering eye
  • uvea: choroid, ciliary body, iris collectively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

internal tunic

A
  • retina
  • primary function: image formation
  • extends posteriorly from ciliary body
  • contains light sensitive photoreceptor cells
  • rods/cones: dendrites of photoreceptor neurons
  • rods: specialized vision in dim light, discriminates btwn different shades of dark & light, shapes, movement
  • cones: specialized color vision, visual acuity(sharpness of vision)
  • cones concentrated mostly in central fovea(small depression in center macula lutea)
  • macula lutea: central portion retina, yellow area great concentration cones, few blood vessels
  • axons of neurons pass small area of retina (optic disk), exit as optic nerve to brain
  • no photoreceptors in optic disc(blind spot)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

movement of globe

A

-controlled by 6 muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 rectus muscles

A
  • superior rectus: moves eye upwards
  • medial rectus: moves eye to midline
  • lateral rectus: moves eye away from midline
  • inferior rectus: moves eye downwards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 oblique muscles

A
  • move eye diagonally relative to muscles orientation
  • inferior oblique moves eye upward & laterally
  • superior oblique moves eus downward & medially
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

visual acuity

A
  • measures w/ Snellen chart
  • 20/20 vision: read the letters on 20ft line from 20 ft away
  • visual range: 210 bilaterally, 75 up
  • myopia(nearsightedness): lens puts focus point in front of retina, too near lens
  • hypermetropia(hyperopia/farsightedness): lens puts focus point behind retina, too far lens
  • astigmatism: abnormal curvature of cornea, light rays passing through portion of cornea not focus on retina properly
  • amblyopia(lazy eye): cortical suppression, occurs in children, eye doesn’t focus well so begins to list to one side(wander), treatment: patch good eye force use bad eye
17
Q

evaluation of eye

A
  • complet history: location & description symptoms
  • immediately assess visual acuity
  • inspection requires observation of periorbital discoloration, swelling, ecchymosis, deformity, presence foreign body
  • note pupil size/shape
  • should be round&equal on both sides, reactive to light
18
Q

hyphema

A
  • blood in anterior chamber of eye
  • be able to see level of blood
  • 8ball hyphema: implies entire anterior chamber filled w/ blood
19
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage

A
  • leakage superficial blood vessels
  • get res in whites of eyes
  • usually benign, but may conceal underlying pathology
  • dark spot on sclera: concern, could be inner tissue of eye bulging outward
20
Q

orbital fracture

A
  • occur with blow to eye by object larger than eye
  • force will be transmitted to orbit resulting in fracture(blow out fracture)
  • fracture floor, inferior rectus can become trapped and can not look upward, will get diplopia(double vision) when try to look upward
  • examiner not see involved eye raise as subject looks up
  • fracture of medial wall of orbit may not be apparent until subject blows nose, get air escaping into tissue surrounding eye
21
Q

corneal abrasion

A
  • scratch on cornea
  • cause: direct force, foreign object
  • subsequent blinking cause pain & sensation of something in eye
  • eye produce tears in effort to wash foreign object away
  • treatment is generally eyepatch 24 hrs to allow healing
  • must prevent eyelid margin from rubbing over abrasion every time blink
22
Q

iritis

A
  • inflammation of iris
  • traumatic or infectious
  • marked sensitivity to light, pupils may not be equal
23
Q

detached retinal

A
  • cause: jarring blow to head
  • vitreous humor seep btwn retina & choroid, interrupting nervous connection to optic nerve
  • flashes of light, haloes, blind spots
24
Q

ruptures globe

A
  • most catastrophic injury to eye
  • rupture of sclera w/ spilling of contents
  • tears posteriorly not visible
  • pain, loss of vision, swelling
  • globe may appear disoriented & deep
25
Q

conjunctivitis

A
  • usually infectious
  • viral or bacterial, very contagious
  • eye burn, itch, eyelids stuck together with matter in mornings
  • usually viral w/ watery discharge, requires symptomatic treatment
  • bacterial may have yellow/green discharge (pink eye), requires antibiotic eyedrops
  • chemical etiology, treatment immediate prolonged eye washing with running fluid

upper body - ATP 2324 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions