Eye Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

Myopic eye

A
  • near sighted
  • can’t see far well
  • eye over bends light in the images
  • corrected with biconcave lenses
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2
Q

Hypermetropic

A
  • farsighted
  • near vision is blurred
  • light is focused behind eye ball
  • correct with concave lenses
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3
Q

Astigmatism

A
  • irregular curvature of cornea
  • as information comes into the eye, the lens prevents the light on focusing on the retina
  • causes distortion of image
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4
Q

Presbyopia

A
  • both near point and far point of vision changes
  • color is no longer as vivid
  • this as we get older we have a narrower field of vision
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5
Q

Low vision

A
  • 20/70-20/200 legally blind

- 20/400- no light perception clinically blind

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6
Q

Blepharitis

A
  • inflammation of the eye lid edges
  • may be bacterial in nature
  • s&s: seborrhea- itchy flakey eye lids and eye lashes
  • treat by warm wash cloth to clean matter around the eye
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7
Q

Entropion

A
  • turning of eye lashes into the eye
  • eye will not become moistened
  • surgically correct position of eyelid by tightening of ocular muscle and movement of eye lid
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8
Q

Ectropion

A
  • turning of eyelids away from eye
  • caused by relaxation of ocular muscle
  • corneal drying
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9
Q

Hordeolum or stye

A
  • infection of sweat glands in eye lids where eye lashes come out of eye lids
  • streptococcus and staphylococcus
  • treatment: bacterial ointment
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10
Q

-keratonconjunctivitis Sicca

A
  • dry eye syndrome
  • tear composition changes
  • may feel like large foreign body in eye
  • treated by artificial tears
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11
Q

Emmetropic eye

A
  • normal vision

- vision focuses precisely at the back of the eye

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12
Q

Conjunctival hemorrhage

A
  • vessels in the conjunctiva are fragile and break with too much pressure
  • resolves without treatment in two week period typically
  • no pain or impairment
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13
Q

Conjunctivitis

“Pink eye”

A
  • inflammation of the conjunctiva
  • common ocular disease
  • caused by microbial infection
  • can happen due to allergies
  • treatment depends on the infectious agent
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14
Q

Trachoma

A
  • caused by bacteria

- if untreated painful irritation followed by virus

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15
Q

Macular degeneration

A
  • characterized by tiny yellow spots under the retina, causes central vision loss, age related
  • typically 60 and over
  • wet and dry, dry is more common
  • need to refer these people to low vision centers
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16
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • characterized by nerve damage
  • occurs because increased ocular pressure in eye ball causing nerve damage
  • tend to lose peripheral vision
  • difficultly adjusting to low light
  • eye aches
  • open&closed angle glaucoma
17
Q

Cataract

A
  • lens opacity
  • a leading cause of disability
  • age related causing cloudiness of lens
  • can remove the lens and put in a false lens
18
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A
  • Lots of small vessels that enter the eye get deteriorated
19
Q

Injuries( retinal holes and tares)

A
  • the vitreous pulls away from the retina
  • may see flashing light and shadows
  • goal is to create a scar around Tare so that vitreous fluid does not leak out
20
Q

Retinal detachment

21
Q

Inflammatory disease

A
  • Uveitis
  • ciliary body and the choroid are inflamed
  • aching painful eyes, red blood shot eyes,photophobia, blurry vision, floaters
22
Q

Keratitis

A

-irritation or infection of the cornea with ulceration of the corneal surface

23
Q

Keratoconus

A

-cornea not strong enough to hold its shape any longer

24
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

-abrasion is a defect in the epithelial layer. Generally traumatic in nature

25
Corneal ulceration
Ulceration is a tiny tear on the surface that becomes infected and chronic in nature
26
Herpes simplex keratitis
Herpes usually ulcerated the cornea. | - leading cause of corneal blindness in the US
27
Keratoplasty
- repair of the cornea or corneal transplant
28
Traumatic injuries
- hyphema - contusion - foreign bodies - lacerations - penetrating injuries
29
Hyphema
- hemorrhage in the anterior chamber - caused blood vessel in the eye to tear - want to avoid NSAIDS and blood thinners
30
Contusion of the eyeball
1. includes surrounding tissues 2. usually caused by a blunt object 3. black eye is common
31
Foreign bodies
1. superficial - those that stick to the front of the eye or get trapped under eyelid 2. penetrating - actually penetrates the outer layer of the eye - irrigate with normal saline
32
Lacerations
Lacerations are caused by penetrating sharp objects