Eye

Question 1

What does 6/3 mean in visual acuity

Answer 1

Able to read to the 3rd line at a distance of 6m

Question 2

Asymmetry including a large and fixed pupil

Answer 2

CN III palsy

Question 3

Small and reactive pupil

Answer 3

Horner’s syndrome

Question 4

Ptosis

Answer 4

Horner’s syndrome

CN III palsy

Question 5

Lack of pupil constriction

Answer 5

Pathology of optic nerve/brain stem/drugs

Question 6

Lack of normal consensual response

Answer 6

Damage to one of or both optic nerves

Damage to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Question 7

Relative afferent pupillary defect- how does this present

Answer 7

In the swinging light test, there is paradoxical dilatation of the affected pupil when light is shone into it. Also called ‘Marcus-Gunn pupil’.

Question 8

RAPD- what causes it

Answer 8

damage to the afferent pathway of the optic nerve on the side of the abnormal pupillary response e.g. MS, advanced glaucoma

Question 9

Causes of nystagmus

Answer 9

COngenital, meniere’s, MS, head injury

Question 10

Absence of red reflex- causes

Answer 10

Cataracts, retinoblastoma, retinal detachment

Question 11

Drusen

Answer 11

Macular degeneration

Question 12

Cherry red spot

Answer 12

Central retinal artery occlusion

Question 13

Further investigations if macular degeneration is suspected

Answer 13

Amsler chart