Eye

Question 1

Accomodation

Answer 1

increased convexity of the lenses caused by the contraction of the ciliary body to maintain a clear image on an object as its distance varies

Question 2

Amblyopia

Answer 2

lazy eye that causes impaired or dim vision without obvious defect or change in the eye

Question 3

Anisocoria

Answer 3

difference in pupil sizes

Question 4

Aqueous Humor

Answer 4

clear liquid that fills anterior and posterior chambers

Question 5

Arcus Senilis

Answer 5

a narrow opaque band encircling the cornea, common in old age

Question 6

Astigmatism

Answer 6

a defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature, which results in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus

Question 7

Blepharitis

Answer 7

inflammation of eyelid

Question 8

Canal of Schlemm

Answer 8

where aqueous humor drains

Question 9

Canthus

Answer 9

Inner or outer corner of the eye, where upper and lower eyelid meets

Question 10

Chalazion

Answer 10

inflammatory lump in the oil glands of the eyelid

Question 11

Choroid

Answer 11

the pigmented vascular layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera. supplies vasculature of retina, rods and cones

Question 12

Conjunctiva

Answer 12

the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids

Question 13

Diopter

Answer 13

a unit of refractive power that is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length (in meters) of a given lens

Question 14

Diplopia

Answer 14

Double vision

Question 15

Ectropian

Answer 15

a condition, typically a consequence of advanced age, in which the eyelid is turned outward away from the eyeball

Question 16

Epicanthus

Answer 16

a semi-lunar fold of skin at medial canthus, with its concavity facing outward

Question 17

Extraocular Movements

Answer 17

Movements of eyeball in 6 cardinal directions

Question 18

Fovea

Answer 18

darkened circular area, marks the point of central vision, highest visual acuity. 1:1 ratio of cones and ganglion

Question 19

Glaucoma

Answer 19

Increased intraocular pressure that leads to gradual decrease in vision

Question 20

Hemianopsia

Answer 20

blindness in half of field of vision

Question 21

Hordeolum

Answer 21

A red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid that may look like a boil or pimple

Question 22

Hyperopia

Answer 22

farsightedness

Question 23

Hyphema

Answer 23

accumulation of blood in anterior chamber of the eye

Question 24

Limbus

Answer 24

border of iris and sclera

Question 25

Macula

Answer 25

Surrounding area of fovea. Rods and cones, more detailed vision.

Question 26

Myopia

Answer 26

Near sightedness

Question 27

AV Nicking

Answer 27

Arteriovenous nicking, where a small artery is seen crossing a small vein, results in compression of vein with bulging on either side of the crossing

Question 28

Nystagmus

Answer 28

Beats in eye caused by extreme lateral gaze (normal unless proptosis present)

Question 29

Optic Disc

Answer 29

point of entry of optic nerve, creates the blind spot

Question 30

Oculus Dexter (OD)

Answer 30

Right eye

Question 31

Oculus Sinister (OS)

Answer 31

Left eye

Question 32

Palpebral Fissure

Answer 32

opening between eyelids

Question 33

Papilledema

Answer 33

swelling of the optic disc and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup. Presence of papilledema suggests meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma, mass lesions

Question 34

Photophobia

Answer 34

Fear of light

Question 35

Plano

Answer 35

Level/flat

Question 36

Presbyopia

Answer 36

Degeneration of vision due to age

Question 37

Proptosis

Answer 37

Abnormal protrusion of eyeballs

Question 38

Pterygium

Answer 38

growth that starts on the clear tissue of the eye that can spread to the cornea

Question 39

Ptosis

Answer 39

Drooping of upper eyelid

Question 40

Punctum

Answer 40

Holes (relating to lacrimal puncta: hole in which tear fluid drains)

Question 41

Retina

Answer 41

a layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

Question 42

Sclera

Answer 42

white outer layer of the eyeball, tough and protective

Question 43

Scotoma

Answer 43

lesions in the retina or visual pathways

Question 44

Scotomata

Answer 44

a partial loss of vision or blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field

Question 45

Strabismus

Answer 45

Abnormal alignment of the eye, no vision changes

Question 46

Tarsal Plates

Answer 46

firm strips of connective tissue in each eyelid with parallel rows of meibomian glands

Question 47

Visual Field

Answer 47

entire area that the eye can see

Question 48

Xanthelasma

Answer 48

yellowish plaques that occur most commonly near the inner canthus of the eyelid

Question 49

Bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 49

Covers most of the anterior eyeball, meets cornea at the limbus

Question 50

Palpebral Conjunctiva

Answer 50

lines the eyelids

Question 51

Medial Canthus

Answer 51

Medial corner of eye

Question 52

Lateral Canthus

Answer 52

Lateral corner of eye

Question 53

Meibomian gland

Answer 53

forms film on cornea and conjunctiva

Question 54

Lacrimal Gland

Answer 54

secretes tears and lubricant

Question 55

Nasolacrimal duct

Answer 55

Tear duct, carries tears from lacrimal sac to nasal cavity

Question 56

Cornea

Answer 56

transparent layer of the eye, steep curvature of cornea makes it ideal for refraction of the light

Question 57

Anterior chamber

Answer 57

is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium

Question 58

Posterior chamber

Answer 58

narrow space behind the peripheral part of the iris, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes

Question 59

Ciliary body

Answer 59

control thickness of lens, allowing to focus on near/distant objectives. Produces aqueous humor

Question 60

Lens

Answer 60

changes the focal distance of the eye

Question 61

Fundus

Answer 61

Inside, backside of the eye

Question 62

Retina

Answer 62

Layer in the back of the eyeball

Question 63

Optic Disc

Answer 63

Starting point of optic nerve in eye

Question 64

Retinal arteries

Answer 64

light red, smaller than veins, bright light reflex

Question 65

Retinal veins

Answer 65

dark red, larger, insonscpicuous/absent light reflex

Question 66

Vitreous body

Answer 66

fills the eyeball behind the lens to help maintain the shape of the eye