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Eye And Ear Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

allergic conjunctivitis symptoms

A

Usually bilateral (effects both eyes)
irritation
discomfort
water discharge

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2
Q

Infective conjunctivitis can be …… or …….

A

Bacterial
Viral

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3
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis vs viral conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial has a sticky purulent discgarge whereas viral conjunctivitis is more watery discharge

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4
Q

Allergic vs infective conjunctivitis

A

Allergic conjunctivitis usually bilateral
Infective can be unilateral or bilateral

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5
Q

When do you rule our presence of a foreign body in eye conjunctivitis

A

If one eye is affected

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6
Q

When to refer in conjunctivitis

A

Painful red eye
Redness extending to the iris
Photophobia
Vision affected (loss/blurred vision)
Pt using other eye drops/ointments
Suspected foreign body in yeye
Irregular pupil
Eye/head injury
Eye looks cloudy
Symptoms last longer than 2 weeks
Pregnant /breastfeeding

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7
Q

Can chloramphenicol eye drops be used in pregnancy?
Orally?

A

Avoid unless essential—no information on topical use but risk of ‘neonatal grey-baby syndrome’ with oral use in third trimester.

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8
Q

Can chloramphenicol be used when breastfeeding

A

Avoid; may cause bone-marrow toxicity in infant;
concentration in milk usually insufficient to cause ‘grey syndrome

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9
Q

Treatment options for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Chloramphenicol
Propamidine isetionate

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10
Q

Whats the first line treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis
Whats it’s brand name

A

Chloramphenicol
Optrex infected eye drops

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11
Q

Whats the chloramphenicol course duration for conjunctivitis

A

5 day course

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12
Q

Whats the chloramphenicol % for eye drops and ointment

A

0.5% eye drops

1% ointment

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13
Q

Whats the chloramphenicol eye drops dose for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

One drop into affected eye/s every 2 hours for the first 48hrs then one drop every 4 hours for remaining 3 days

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14
Q

Wheres chloramphenicol eye drops stored

A

In the fridge (2-8 degrees)

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15
Q

Whats the OTC age for chloramphenicol eye drops

A

Aged 2 and over

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16
Q

Whats the storage for chloramphenicol eye ointment storage

A

Store at room temperature

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17
Q

Chloramphenicol eye ointment dose

A

Apply 3-4 daily

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18
Q

Why cant you give chloramphenicol to new born infants

A

Risk of grey baby syndrome (aplastic anaemia) in new born infants

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19
Q

Brolene and golden eye drops active ingredient and indication

A

Propamidine isetionate
Bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharitis

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20
Q

Propamidine isetionate dose for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

QDS

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21
Q

Storage of Propamidine isetionate/ brolene, golden eye drops

A

Room temperature

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22
Q

Age restrictions of brolene and golden eye drops

A

No age restrictions

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23
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis treatment

Brand?

A

Sodium cromoglycate 2% eye drops
Optrex allergy

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24
Q

Sodium cromoglycate 2% MOA

How do you use it

A

Mast cell stabiliser
Requires regular use

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25
Can sodium cromoglycate 2% be used alongside oral antihistamine treatment
Yes it is safe to do so
26
Sodium cromoglycate 2% age restrictions
Licensed for 6 years and above
27
Allergic conjunctivitis treatment
Sodium cromoglycate 2%
28
Contact lenses advice in Conjunctivitis
They shouldn’t be worn until 24hrs after the infection has cleared
29
Eye drop preparations expire …. Days after opening
28 days
30
Dry eye syndrome symptoms
Itchy, Tired, Burning sensation Sensitive to light/ eye redness String like mucus in eye Night time driving difficulty Difficulty wearing lenses Feeling like somethings in the eye
31
Is dry eye syndrome bilateral or unilateral
Usually bilateral
32
Dry eye syndrome treatment
Artificial tears- hypromellose, carmellose, polyvinyl alcohol, carbomer gel
33
Carbomer gel indication
Dry eye syndrome
34
Polyvinyl alcohol indication
Dry eye syndrome
35
Dry eye syndrome counselling on preservatives
Benzalkonium chloride is a preservative present in eye drops, if it causes eye irritation you can get preservative free preparations.
36
Blepharitis symptoms
Itchy, sore, red eye life Eyelids stick together when wake up Eyelashes crusty/greasy Edges of eyelids become swollen Uncomfortable to wear lenses
37
Is blepharitis bilateral or unilateral
Usually bilateral
38
Blepharitis tends to be worse at what time of day?
Morning
39
Blepharitis red flags
Unresponsive to treatment Constant dry eyes Concurrent conjunctivitis Swelling on inside of eye lid Stye Photophobia, eye pain, worsening vision
40
Blepharitis management
Self care Propamidine isetionate- brolene and golden eye drops
41
Propamidine isetionate dose for blepharitis
QDS
42
Can blepharitis be cured
No, but symptoms can be managed
43
Counselling patients on blepharitis
Avoid eye makeup unless easily washable Can have preservative free preparations if irritation occurs with benzalkonium chloride
44
Explain Blepharitis self care management
Warm compress in closed eyelid for 5-10 minutes (helps melt oils in glands behind eyelids) Gently rub the eyelids vertically and horizontally and Can use cotton bud to loosen crusting or push out oils Dont clean inside of eye just outside
45
How frequently do you do self care management for blepharitis
BD a day and then OD when symptoms have improved
46
Hows keratitis caused
Minor injury such as foreign body entering eye causing redness around iris
47
Ear wax symptoms
Impaired hearing Itchiness Discomfort/pain
48
What may cause ear wax
Change of ear wax environment in ear canal Dust or foreign particles trapped in wax
49
Ear wax red flags
Tinnitus (ringing in ears) Persistent pain from within the ear Unusual discharge from ear canal
50
War wax management
Ear drops which soften ear wax to aid removal Syringing/ ear irrigation
51
Whats micro suction (used in ear wax)?
Ear wax is removed via suction
52
Whats irrigation (ear wax management)
Using water as a vacuum to remove wax
53
What risk is carried with micro suction and ear irrigation to remove ear wax
Ear infections risk
54
What are the different types of ear drops used for ear wax
Water based - sodium bicarbonate Oil based- olive oil, almond oil, cerumol, earex Peroxide based- otec, exetrol (urea containing products)
55
Ear wax counselling
Advise against use of cotton buds Ideally wax should be cleared naturally
56
What ear drops would you avoid in a patient with a nut allergy and why
Cerumol - oil based ear drop containing peanuts
57
Whats otitis externa
Skin infection of outer Ear canal infection that leads into the ear drum (suspect bacterial cause)
58
Otitis externa symptoms
Itching, pain/discomfort in the ear canal Watery discharge (due to inflamed skin) Dry, flakey skin around ear/ along the canal
59
Otitis externa red flags
Deafness Persistent pain from ear Tinnitus Blocked ears, discharge, bleeding Nausea, vomiting <12 years old
60
What ages would you refer if they presented to you with otitis externa otc
Under 12 years old
61
Otitis externa medication
Acetic acid 2% (ear calm)
62
Acetic acid 2% / ear calm OTC age
12 yrs and over
63
Acetic acid 2% (ear calm) dose for otitis externa
Use until 2 days after symptoms cleared- max 7 day use
64
Chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops max day use
5 days
65
Acetic acid 2% (ear calm) max day use
7 days
66
Whats audiclean
Audiclean is available otc to clean ears

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