Eye and Ear therapeudics

Question 1

IOP

Answer 1

~15mm Hg is normal

above 21 at increased risk of glaucoma

Question 2

Open angle glaucoma

Answer 2

most common form
slow clogging of drainage canals
wide open angle between iris and cornea
symptoms go unnoticed

Question 3

Angle closure glaucoma

Answer 3

sudden rise in IOP

Closed or narrow angle between iris and cornea DEVELOPS VERY QUICKLY

Question 4

Irido-corneal angle

Answer 4

usually 45 degrees

Question 5

Timolol

Answer 5

beta blocker- decreases aqueous humor secretion (open angle)

Question 6

Lantaoprost

Answer 6

prostaglandin
increases outflow of aqueous humor
(open angle)

Question 7

Gonioscopy

Answer 7

examination quantifies the anterior chamber angle using a goniolens

Question 8

Tonometry

Answer 8

measures IOP

Question 9

Opthalmoscopy

Answer 9

examination of optic nerve shape and color to detect glaucoma damage

Question 10

T/F high IOP usually indicates galucoma

Answer 10

F, ocular hypertension.its only a risk factor

Question 11

Pilocarpine

Answer 11

Choliomimetic
Contracts ciliary muscle and increases outflow of humor.
Used for OAG

Question 12

ACG treatments

Answer 12

PRESURGICAL

Pilocarpine, phygostigmine, acetazolamide, glycerol, mannitol

Question 13

AMD

Answer 13

age related macular degenerationsmoking is risk factor

not painful

Question 14

Wet AMD

Answer 14

neovascular. proliferation of vessels in subretinal space.

Progress to disease faster than dry

Question 15

Dry AMD

Answer 15

build up of cellular debris between retina and choroid

Question 16

Antioxidants

Answer 16

believed to help, but not proven.

Question 17

Verteporfin

Answer 17

injected intravenously in eye then its light activated to destroy new vessel.

Question 18

Pegaptanib

Answer 18

oligopeptide injected into vitreous humor. works as antagonist to VEGF, which reduces growth of vessels

Question 19

Bevacizumab

Answer 19

Monoconal AB for AMD cheaper

Question 20

Ranibizumab

Answer 20

Monoclonal AB for AMD VERY EXPENSIVE

Question 21

Meniere’s Disease

Answer 21

endolymphatic hydrops
Several factors may contribute to changes in this fluid level and trigger Meniere’s Disease:
•  Improper fluid drainage
•  Abnormal immune response
•  Allergies
•  Viral infection
•  Genetic predisposition
•  Head trauma
•  Migraines

Question 22

Meclizine

Answer 22

antivert antagonist at H1, antihistamine, anticholinergic, CNS depressant

Question 23

Diazepam

Answer 23

used because of sedative and anxiolytic effects. reduces motion sickness

Question 24

Promethazine

Answer 24

H1 blocker, anticholinergic, antinausea and motion sickness, XEROSTOMIA.

Question 25

triampterene + hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 25

diuretic- to help regulate fluid volume and pressure in inner ear

Question 26

dexamethazone

Answer 26

Long acting steroid inject into ear. helps control vertigo attacks.

Question 27

Amoxi + clavulanic acid

Answer 27

2nd line for recurrent OM azithromycin or clinda if allergic

Question 28

Retinoblastoma

Answer 28

Most common tumor in children