Eye and Orbit Flashcards
1
Q
3 layers of the eye
A
Fibrous layer
Vascular layer
Neural layer
2
Q
Fibrous layer of the eye
A
Sclera and cornea
3
Q
Vascular layer of the eye
A
Choroid, ciliary body and iris
4
Q
Neural layer of the eye
A
Retina
5
Q
Slera is responsible for
A
Maintaining shape of the eye
6
Q
Sclera continuous with
A
Cornea
7
Q
What pierces the slcera
A
Optic nerve and central artery of the retina
8
Q
Cornea is the
A
Anterior transparent outer layer of the ye
9
Q
All vascular layer structures contain
A
Pigment
10
Q
Choroid is____ and where does it lie
A
High vascularized and covered posterior 80% of eye
11
Q
Ciliary body extends from
A
Ora serrata to outer edge of iris
12
Q
Ciliary body contans
A
Ciliaris muscle
13
Q
Iris controls
A
Size of pupil
How much light gets in
Muscular
14
Q
Retina is origin of
A
Optic nerve
15
Q
Retina is composed of
A
External pigmented and deeper multicellular layer
16
Q
Retina ends at
A
Ciliary body near ora serrata
17
Q
Ciliary processes
A
Most anterior part of ciliary body
Attach to zonular fibers of the lens
18
Q
Contraction of ciliaris
A
Draws ciliary processes to relax the zonular fibers and cause lens to round up
19
Q
Accomodation caused by
A
Contraction of ciliaris muscle causing relaxation of zonular fibers and causing lens to round up
20
Q
Distant vision
A
Lens is stretched thin and ciliary muscle is relaxed
Zonular fibers under tension
21
Q
Near vision
A
Parasympathetic causes ciliary muscles to contract
Zonular relaxes
Lens becomes more spherical
22
Q
What divides eye into anterior and posterior chamber
A
Lens
23
Q
Auqeous humor fills
A
Anterior and posterior chambers
24
Q
Aqueous humor produced by
A
Ciliary processes
25
Path of aqueous humor
Ciliary process
Posterior chamber
Through pupil into anterior chamber
Sleral venous sinus
26
Glaucoma
Increased intraocular pressure
| Compressed retina and optic nerve
27
Obstruction of auqeous humor drainage
Can cause glaucoma
28
4 things light must pass through
Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body
29
Vitreous body
Fills region posterior to lens
| Holds retina in place and supports len
30
Macula lutea
Center of optic axis
| Specialized for visual activity
31
Macula lutea is )_____ to optic disc
Lateral
32
Fovea Centralis
Center of macula
Thinnest part of retina
Area of greatest visual activity in macula
33
Optic disc entrances nad exits
Exit of optic nerve and central vein of the retina
Entrance of the central artery of the retina
Also the blind spot
34
Papilledema is result of
Increased intracranial pressure
| Veins of eye cannot drain
35
How is drainage of eye connected to brain
Optic nerve travels through optic canal and is surrounded by dura...will also have subarachnoid space connected to brain
36
Optic nerve is _____processes and passes through _____ to enter ______
Ganglion cell central
Optic canal
Middle cranial fossa
37
Bones of the orbit
```
Frontal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Maxilla
Palatine
```
38
Margin of orbit from
Frontal, zygomatic, maxilla
39
Laterally, eye is protected by
Fronal and zygomatic bones
40
Which walls of orbit are thinnest?
Inferior and medial
41
Blowout fracture of orbit
Results from direct blow
| Medial and inferior wall fractures are most common
42
Periorbita
Orbital periosteum attached to bone
43
Orbital septum
Anteiror continuation of periorbita
44
Bulbar fascia acts as a ______and envelopes ____
Socket
| Eye and optic nerve
45
What does bulbar fascia separate eye from
Orbital fat
46
What does bulbar fascia fuse with
Optic nerve - post
| Sclera nad ocular conjunctiva - ant
47
How do extraocular muscles attach to eye
Pierce bulbar fascia to attach to sclera
48
Conjunctiva
Mucous membrane on inner eyelids that reflects onto eye
49
Palpebral conjunctiva
Conjunctiva on inner surface of eyelids
50
Ocular or bulbar conjunctiva
Conjunctiva reflected onto the eye
51
Plica semilunaris
Medial angle of folded conjunctiva
52
Superior and inferior fornices
Points of reflexion of palpebral conjunctiva to ocular conjunctiva
53
Tarsal plates
Thick connective tissue in upper and lower eyelid used to protect eye
Secrete oily substance
54
Eyelid compsed of
Skin, superficial fascia, orbicularis oculi, tarsal plate, orbital septum, and palpebral conjunctiva
55
Levator palpebrae superioris
Attaches to skin of superior eyelid and superior tarsal plate
56
Smooth muscle component of levator palpebrae
Superior tarsal muscle
57
Innervation of levator palpebrae
Sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion
58
Recti muscles arise from and attach to
Tendinous ring at apex of orbit
| Attaches to anterior half of eye
59
Superoir oblique arises from and attaches to
Sphenoid
Posterior half of eye
Passes through trochlea
60
Inferior oblique arises from and attaches to
Maxilla
| Posterior half of eye
61
Action of levator palpebra superior
Elevates sup eyelild
62
MR action
Adduction
63
LR action
Abduction
64
SR action
Elevation, adduction, medial rotation
65
IR action
Depression, adduction, and lateral rotation
66
SO action
Depression, abduction, and medial rotation
67
IO actiojn
Elevation, abduction, and lateral rotation
68
SO offsets _____ of _____
Adduction and lateral rotation of IR
69
IO offsets ________ of _______
Adduction and medial rotation of SR
70
How to test SR
Abduct then elevate
71
How to test IO
Adduct, then elevate
72
How to test SO
Abduct then depress
73
How to test IR
Adduct, then depress
74
What passes through optic canal
Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
75
What passes through superior orbital fissure?
Oculomotor nerve, nasociliary nerve, abducens, frontal, lacrimal, trochlear nerves
Ophthalmic veins
76
Levator palpebra superioris innervation
SMooth - sym
| Skeletal - oculomotor
77
Ptosis
Eyelid droops
78
Lacrimal gland
Ducts pierce conuunctiva and empties into lateral side of superior fornix
79
Lacrimal canaliculi
Ducts on medial side of eye lid that drain lacrimal secretions into lacrimal sac
80
Puncta are openings of
Lacrimal canaliculi
81
Nasolacrimal duct
Continuation of lacrimal sac that drains to inferior meatus of nasal cavituy
82
Ophthalmic artery from
Internal carotid
83
Central artery of the retina
Pierces optic nerve and enters eye via optic disc
84
Cnetral artery of retina supplies
Inner layers of the retina
85
Blockage of central artery of retina leads to
Blindness in affected eye
86
POsterior ciliary arteries
Pierce slera and supply choroid and outer layer of the retina
87
Blockage of posterior ciliary arteries leads to
Partial blindness
88
Muscular branches of ophthalmic
Supply muscles and sned branches to anteiror ciliary arteries to choroid layers
89
Lacrimal artery goes to
Lacrimal gland
90
Ethmoidal arteries supply
Ehtmoidal air cells and nasal cavity
91
Supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries supply
Forehead
92
Dorsal nasal artery supplies
Superior aspect of the nose
93
Vorticose veins are in ______
Choroid layer and retina
94
Vorticose veins enter into
Superior and inferior ophthlamic veins
95
Ophthalmic veins connect to
Cavernous sinous, pterygoid plexus, and angular/facial veins
96
Central vein of retina empties into
Cavernous sinus or opthalmic vein
97
Frontal nerve supplies
Sensory to skin on forehead
98
Lacrimal nerve innervates
Lacrimal gland and skin on side of orbit
99
Nasociliary nerve
Sensory to eye, ethmoid air cells, nasal cavity, and external nose
100
Parasymp of eye
Run with short ciliary to innervate sphincter pupillae/ciliaris
101
Short ciliary vs. long ciliary
Long ciliary come directly off of the nasociliary
| Short ciliary originate from ciliary ganglion
102
Anterior ehtmoidal nerve
Branch of nasociliary nerve
| Has internal nasal brnahces and terminates as external nasal nerve
103
Pupillary light reflex affarent/efferent
Affarnet - optic nerve
| Efferent - oculomotor (parasym_
104
Corneal reflex
Light touch to cornea elicits blink
affarent - nasociliary
Efferent - facial nerve (to orbicularis oculi)
105
COnjunctiva does not cover
Cornea
