Eye exam

Question 1

What to look for in external eye exam?

Answer 1

• position and alignment
• eyebrows (position, distribution)
• eyelids (crusting, position, blockage)
• lacrimal apparatus (swelling, erythema, dacrocystitis)

Question 2

How to describe normal conjunctiva and lens?

Answer 2

• conjunctiva translucent, no foreign bodies, no subconjunctival hemorrhage, flat, sclera visible beneath

Question 3

How to describe normal sclera?

Answer 3

• color white with some red blood vessels, no sign of swelling

Question 4

What to look for in iris examination?

Answer 4

• borders well defined
• color (same)
• symmetry

Question 5

What to look for in pupils examination?

Answer 5

• Size (3-5mm)
• Shape (round)
• symmetry (equal vs anisocoria/unequal)
• reactivity (direct and consensual
• accommodation
  (PERRLA)
  pupils equally round and reactive to light and accommodation

Question 6

What is trophia and what test to do for it?

Answer 6

-trophia: misalignment apparent normally (even with both eyes open). Cover test would have to be done. Cover the good eye, the bad eye should deviate back to middle to accomodate/focus. Hirschberg test can also be done where you shine light in pt’s eyes and the cornea reflex should be in center in normal eyes, but in trophia the light will also deviate

Question 7

What is phoria and what test to do for it?

Answer 7

• Phoria is misalignment during movement or with fatigue. It can only be seen with cover/uncover test.
• For cover/uncover test, cover the bad eye (it should deviate when covered), then uncover and cover the other eye still looking at the eye just uncovered to check for movement of the eye. Check the same for other eye.

Question 8

What is aqueous humor?

Answer 8

• liquid around the lens and behind the cornea created by ciliary body and exist through canal of schlemm

Question 9

What cranial nerves are responsible for movement of your eye ball?

Answer 9

III - oculomotor
IV - trochlear
VI - abducens

Question 10

What is the II cranial nerve?

Answer 10

• optic nerve (allows us to see

Question 11

What does V cranial nerve do?

Answer 11

• trigeminal nerve helps with sensation

Question 12

What cranial nerves are responsible for lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles movement?

Answer 12

LR6SO4

• Lateral Rectus 6 (abducens)
• Superior oblique 4 (trochlear)

Question 13

What is the 6th nerve palsy?

Answer 13

Right eye inward (trophia), the right eye will not move to right

Question 14

What is the 4th nerve palsy?

Answer 14

• One eye is higher than other

Question 15

What is a 3rd nerve palsy?

Answer 15

• eye abducts normally but does not adduction normally

Question 16

What is hirschberg test for?

Answer 16

• test for strabismus (misalignment of eye)