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PSP Winter Exam > Eye Exam > Flashcards

Eye Exam Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

External Eye components

A

eyelid, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, eye muscles, bony orbit

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2
Q

What gland provides oils to the tear film?

A

Meibomian glands

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3
Q

The conjunctiva is divided into two parts?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva - covers the inside of the eyelid

Bulbar conjunctiva - covers anterior surface of the eye (except cornea and eyelid in contact with the globe)

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4
Q

What gland produces tears?

A

Lacrimal gland

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5
Q

What muscles are controlled by the oculomotor n. (CN III)?

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris, Superior Inferior and Medial Rectus, and Inferior Oblique m.

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6
Q

What extraocular muscles are controlled by abducens (CN VI)?

A

Lateral Rectus m.

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7
Q

What extraocular muscles are controlled by trochlear n. (CN IV)?

A

Superior Oblique m.

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8
Q

Internal Eye components

A

Sclera, cornea, uvea, choroid, ciliary body, iris, retina

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9
Q

Dense, AVASCULAR, the “white” of the eye, physically supports the eye

A

Sclera

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10
Q

The anterior 6th of the globe continuous with the sclera, clear, RICH INNERVATION, AVASCULAR

A

Cornea

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11
Q

Composed of choroid, ciliary body, iris

A

Uvea

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12
Q

circular, contractile muscular disc containing pigment cells, controls the aperture of the pupil

A

Iris

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13
Q

produces the aqueous humor and contains the muscles controlling accommodation

A

Ciliary body

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14
Q

pigmented, richly vascular layer that supplies oxygen to the outer layer of the retina

A

Choroid

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15
Q

biconvex, transparent structure located immediately behind the iris. Highly elastic and contraction/relaxation of the ciliary body changes its thickness (depending on distance)

A

Lens

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16
Q

Sensory network of eye, transforms light to electrical impulses

A

Retina

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17
Q

Point on retina where vessels and nerves converge, creating a blind spot

A

Optic disc

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18
Q

Point of greatest visual acuity

A

Macula densa

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19
Q

What weeks do eyes develop?

A

8 weeks

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20
Q

Term infants are hyperopic, which means…?

A

visual acuity less than 20/400

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21
Q

Peripheral visions develops….

A

by birth

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22
Q

Central vision is developed by…

A

3-4 months

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23
Q

Adult acuity is achieved by….

A

4 years old

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24
Q

Eye changes when pregnant

A

hypersensitivity, refractory power changes, greasy sensation or blurred vision for contact wearers, spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhages due to decreased intraocular pressure

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25
Presbyopia occurs in older adults, meaning....
progressive weakening of accommodation (ability to focus)
26
What age does the lens become more rigid and ciliary muscles weaken?
45 years
27
Lens fibers become denser centrally as we age, known as...
cataract formation (clouding of the lens that can become partially or totally opaque
28
Risk Factors for cataracts
steroid use, UV light, cigarette smoke, diabetes, aging
29
Diplopia
seeing double images, not blurred vision
30
Older adults eyes
decrease in central vision, excessive tearing, dry eyes, scleral brown spots, eye pain at night
31
Pregnant women eyes
pregnancy-induced hypertension PIH or gestational diabetes; diplopia, scrotomata, blurred vision, amaurosis
32
How far away must a patient stand from the snellen chart
20 ft
33
legally blind
20/200
34
20/20 means
the patient can read at 20 feet what the normal person can read at 20 feet; smaller fraction - worse vision
35
Confrontation test
Tests peripheral vision; only suggest abnormalities
36
What do eyebrows tell you about thyroid function?
coarse, short may be hypothyroidism
37
xanthelasma
elevated plaque of cholesterol deposited in macrophages (medial portion of eye)
38
eyelids sign for hyperthyroidism
twitching of eyelids
39
ptosis
drooping of an eyelid (congenital or acquired weakness) CNIII
40
ectropion
lower lid is turned away from the eye exposing the inside of the lower lid
41
entropion
lower lid turned in to eye and eyelashes cause irritation
42
Hordeolum
acute suppurative inflammation of the follicle of an eyelash can cause a red or yellow lump
43
crusting along the eyelashes
blepharitis by bacterial infection, seborrhea, psoriasis, rosacea, or allergies
44
lagophthalmos
eyelids that do not completely close to cover the eyes
45
subconjunctiva hemorrhage
bright red bloody spot next to healthy conjunctiva
46
pterygium
abnormal growth of conjunctiva over the cornea from the limbus
47
arcus senilis
lipid deposits in the periphery of the cornea, common after age 60, indicates lipid dysfunction before 40
48
miosis
constricted pupils bilaterally <2mm, drug-related
49
mydriasis
pupillary dilation bilaterally >6mm, with coma
50
iridocyclitis
failure to constrict with light stimulus
51
anisocoria
noticeable differences in pupil size
52
iritis constrictive response
uveitis, pupil constriction and reddened eye
53
oculomotor damage
pupil dilated and fixed in the lateral downward
54
adie pupil
dilated or slowly responsive pupil due to impairment of parasympathetics
55
senile hyaline plaque
dark, slate gray pigment just anterior to the medial rectus attachment
56
nystagmus
involuntary rhythmic movement of the eye
57
strabismus
esotropic: inward drifting of eye exotropic: outward drifting of eye both eyes cannot focus on 1 object simultaneously, but can focus separately
58
drusen bodies
small discete spots more yellow
59
myelinated retinal nerve fibers
optic disc is ill-defined and obscured vessels
60
papilledema
loss of definition of the optic disc, due to increased intracranial pressure
61
glaucomatous optic nerve head
"cupping" of the optic disc disappearnce of blood vessels,
62
episleritis
inflammation of the superficial layers of the sclera anterior to the insertion of the rectus muscles
63
band keratopathy
deposition of calcium in the superficial cornea
64
corneal ulcer
disruption of the corneal epithelium or stroma
65
horner's syndrome
interruption of sympathetic supply to the eye, miosis, ptosis and hemiandriosis
66
cataracts
opacity in lens
67
diabetic retinopathy (background)
dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms
68
diabetic retinopathy (proliferative)
new blood vessels, floaters, blurred vision, progressive visual acuity loss
69
lipemia retinalis
serum tryiglycerides >2000, salmon-pink vessels to whitish
70
glaucoma
nerve cells die producing a characteristic look to the optic nerve, peripheral vision loss, halos, pain
71
retinal hemorrhages in infancy
bilateral hemorrhaging

PSP Winter Exam (3 decks)

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