Eye examination

Question 1

Fundoscopy.

a) How do you know if you’re looking at a picture of a left or right eye?

Answer 1

a) Right eye = optic nerve on right (and vice-versa)

Question 2

Findings on retinal examination.

a) Drusen
b) Cherry red macula
c) Cotton wool spots, flame haemorrhages, exudate, macula oedema
d) Widespread haemorrhages and retinal oedema

Answer 2

a) AMD
b) CRAO
c) Retinopathy (diabetic/ hypertensive)
d) CRVO

Question 3

Dry eye.

a) Differentials
b) Clinical features
c) Investigations
d) Management

Answer 3

a) Idiopathic, Sjogren’s (may be associated with RA, SLE)
b) Gritty, discomfort, infections
c) - Schirmer tear test (Sjogren’s)
d) Artificial tears (+ saliva in Sjogrens)

Question 4

AMD.

a) Test required for diagnosis
b) Test required to diagnose wet AMD

Answer 4

a) OCT

b) FA

Question 5

Why are OCT and FA needed in the workup for posterior uveitis but not anterior uveitis?

Answer 5

They assess the retina (OCT)/ retinal blood vessels (FA), which should not be affected in anterior uveitis

Question 6

What is the difference between fluoroscein staining and fluoroscein angiography?

Answer 6

• Fluoroscein staining - dye applied to the cornea - good for detecting corneal ulcers or abrasions
• Fluoroscein angiography - dye injected IV to show up as contrast in the retinal blood vessels on slit-lamp examination/ retinal photography