Eye Junk

Question 1

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

Answer 1

Lamina papyracea

Question 2

What openings are located along the lateral wall of the orbit?

Answer 2

Superior orbital fissure

Question 3

Identify the openings found along the superior wall of the orbit:

Answer 3

optic canal

Question 4

Identify the openings found along the medial wall of the orbit:

Answer 4

anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina

Question 5

Identify the openings found along the lateral wall of the orbit:

Answer 5

Superior orbital fissure

Question 6

Identify the openings found along the inferior wall of the orbit:

Answer 6

Inferior orbital fissure

Question 7

What are the layers of the orbit?

Answer 7

skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsal plate/tarsus & Palpebral conjunctiva

Question 8

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

Answer 8

Tarsal or Meibomian gland

Question 9

Eyelashes represent a modification of what cell extension?

Answer 9

Cilia

Question 10

What is the name of the gland located at the base of the eyelash?

Answer 10

Ciliary gland

Question 11

What is the ciliary gland?

Answer 11

The modified sebaceous gland at the base of the eyelash

Question 12

What are the names f the modified sebaceous glands of the palpebra?

Answer 12

Tarsal gland or Meibomian gland and ciliary gland

Question 13

The lacrimal gland is an example of what classification of gland?

Answer 13

Exocrine gland

Question 14

What is the single common characteristic of exocrine glands?

Answer 14

ducts drain product from the secretory units of the gland

Question 15

Into what location will lacrimal glands open?

Answer 15

superior fornix

Question 16

Which visceral efferent pathway is conveyed in the seventh cranial nerve?

Answer 16

parasympathetic motor pathway

Question 17

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

Answer 17

Vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen

Question 18

The sympathetic pathway t the lacrimal gland will involve what neural components?

Answer 18

spinal nerves and a neurovascular plexus around blood vessels

Question 19

What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 19

Lateral horn/ intermediolateral cell column T1, T2

Question 20

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

Answer 20

vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen

Question 21

The sclera of the eyeball is continuous with what part of the optic nerve?

Answer 21

Dura mater

Question 22

Define cornea

Answer 22

rounded transparent fibrous tunic at front of the eyeball

Question 23

Define sclera

Answer 23

Whitish fibrous tunic covering most of the eyeball

Question 24

What are the parts of the vascular tunic of the eyeball?

Answer 24

iris, ciliary body, choroid and pupil

Question 25

What is the innervation of the sphincter pupillae?

Answer 25

Oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway

Question 26

What is the innervation of the ciliaris muscle?

Answer 26

Oculomotor nerve , parasympathetic pathway

Question 27

What is the function of the rod cell?

Answer 27

provide vision in dim light conditions

Question 28

what is the function of the cone cell?

Answer 28

provide vision in bright light conditions, mediate color vision

Question 29

What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?

Answer 29

rod cell

Question 30

What is the primary afferent neuron of the second cranial nerve?

Answer 30

bipolar cell

Question 31

Where are the primary sensory neurons of the second cranial nerve?

Answer 31

The retina

Question 32

what is the secondary sensory neuron of the second cranial nerve?

Answer 32

Ganglion cell

Question 33

What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 33

Between the cornea and iris

Question 34

What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 34

Between the iris and lens

Question 35

What is contained in the anterior chamber and posterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 35

aqueous humor

Question 36

What is the primary cause of glaucoma?

Answer 36

Excess aqueous humor in the chambers in front of the lens

Question 37

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

Answer 37

Vitreous chamber

Question 38

What is the location of the vitreous chamber?

Answer 38

behind the lens, in front of the retina

Question 39

What fills the vitreous chamber?

Answer 39

Vitreous body

Question 40

What are the function of the vitreous body?

Answer 40

maintain retinal curvature; allow minimal light distortion from lens to retina

Question 41

What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all rectus extraocular muscles?

Answer 41

All originate from common annular tendon in the orbit | All insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball

Question 42

What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extraocular muscles?

Answer 42

both insert into sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equatior

Question 43

Motor pathways to skeletal muscle derived from the somites are given what name?

Answer 43

Somatic Efferent (SE) pathways

Question 44

What unique feature of the fourth cranial nerve occurs within the midbrain?

Answer 44

it decussates in the midbrain

Question 45

What are the two unique features of the fourth cranial nerve?

Answer 45

It is the only cranial nerve with an apparent origin from the dorsal surface of the brain; it is the only cranial efferent nerve to decussate within the midbrain from its nucleus

Question 46

The sixth cranial nerve will innervate what target organ?

Answer 46

Lateral Rectus extrinsic muscle of the eye

Question 47

Intrinsic muscles of the eyeball are innervated by which visceral efferent (VE) pathways?

Answer 47

ciliaris and sphincter pupillae are innervated by parasympathetics; dilator pupillae is innervated by sympathetics

Question 48

Visceral efferent (VE) fibers conveyed in the third cranial nerve originate from which nucleus?

Answer 48

Accessory Oculomotor nucleus of Edinger Westphal

Question 49

What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the dilator pupillae?

Answer 49

Lateral horn/intermediolateral cell column T1, T2

Question 50

What is unique about the vascular supply of the retina?

Answer 50

Only 1 vessel supplies it

Question 51

What vessel supplies the inner tunic of the eyeball?

Answer 51

Central artery of the retina