Eye pathology Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the most common cause of unilateral or bilateral exopthalmos?
Graves disease
describe psuedotumor?
Few eosinophils and orbital fat is replaced by fibrosis, there is also chronic inflammation cells
Which of the two, Pinguecula or Pterygium, does not have visual impairment?
Pinguecula
What small yellow grey nodule at the limbus can contain sun induced SCC or Melanoma when biopsied?
Pinguecula
What mutations are common in conjunctival melanoma?
BRAF V600 in 40%
~25% are fatal
Why are corneal transplants difficult and what is the pro of this?
- lacks blood vessels and lymphatics so healing is rough
- however, it contributes to opacity and lack of rejection
What is a hypopyon>
exudate and cells leaking from iris and ciliary body vessels into anterior chamber
What is Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis?
- usually in immunosuppressed patients
- amoebae enters body through open wound and travels to brain
- immune response and secreted proteases cause massive brain swelling resulting in death 95% of time
What is exfoliation syndrome?
- Debris coming off of lens occluding flow of fluid
- It is exfoliating material but it is called infoliating since it cannot leave
- Target/bull’s eye, appearance of exfoliated material on lens showing separation of central and peripheral zones
What is Open angle glaucoma?
- complete open access to trabecular meshwork
- increased resistance to outflow leading to increased intraocular pressure
What is Angle closure glaucoma?
- periphieral zone of iris adheres to trabecular meshwork and physically impededs outlow
What is the most common form of glaucoma?
Primary open angle
what is an example of primary angle closure glaucoma?
- Pupillary block/ Iris bombe
- results in iincreased intraocular pressure which damages lens epithielijm and creates opacities and corneal edema and bullous keratopathy
Secondary angle closure glaucoma examples?
- pathologic membranes form over the iris resulting in an occlusion
- Chronic retina ischemia due to increased VEGF, neovascular glaucoma, tumors in ciliary body
Anterior synechiae?
- Adhesions between iris and trabecular meshwork leading to intraocular pressure leading to nerve damage
What is an anterior subcapsular cataract?
- decreased aqueous humor leading to fibrous metaplasia of lens epithelium
Posterior synechiae?
adhesions btw iris and anterior surface of lens
Melanomas exxclusively in iris tend to follow a relatively ___ course, whereas malanomas of ___ and ___ are more aggressive.
Melanomas exxclusively in iris tend to follow a relatively indolent course, whereas melanomas of choroid and ciliary body are more aggressive.
What is the difference between enucleating the eye and radiation with treatment of melanoma?
NO difference in survivability
What results in thickened arteriolar walls that appeared narrowed, and has blood which color can vary depending on degree of vascular wall thickness?
Retinal arteriolosclerosis
Retinal arterioles and veins are in the same sheath and the arteriole may compress the vein where they cross which results in….?
Venous stasis distal to the arteriolar venous crossing
Complications of diabetic retinopathy? (4)
- hemorrhage from neovascularization
- posterior vitreous detachment
- retinal detachment
- neovascular glaucoma
What is trilateral retinoblastoma?
Associated with pinealoblastoma and has a poor prognosis
What is a fleurette?
Curvilinear clusters of cells composed of rod and cone inner segments often attached to abortive outer segments
