Eye Pathology

Question 1

Acute angle closure glaucoma pathology

Answer 1

Closure of iridocorneal angle leading to increased intraocular pressure - a sight threatening emergency.

Question 2

Risk factors for acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 2

Female
Hyperopia
Age 55-65

Question 3

Signs and symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 3

• sudden onset, painful, vision lost/blurred, headaches (often confused with migraine)
• nausea and vomiting
• red eye, cornea often opaque as raised IOP drives fluid into cornea
• AC shallow and angle is closed
• pupil mid-dilated, non-reactive
• IOP severely raised

Question 4

Management of acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 4

• decrease IOP
  - carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  - beta blocker drops if no contraindication
  - constrictor eye drops
  - steroid eye drops
  - analgesics, antiemetic
• iridotomy - both eyes to bypass blockage

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 5

• sudden painless loss of vision in one eye
• fundoscopic exam will show a red lesion with surrounding pale retina
• afferent pupil defect, periorbital eyelid oedema, proptosis, ptosis
• at times a hazy/cloudy cornea

Question 6

Management of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 6

-identify and treat risk factors

Question 7

Signs and symptoms of central retinal vein occlusion

Answer 7

• sudden painless loss of vision in one eye

- fundoscopy shows torturosity and dilation of all branches of the central retinal vein

Question 8

Management of central retinal vein occlusion

Answer 8

• identify and treat risk factors

- intravitreal anti VegF

Question 9

Symptoms of giant cell arteritis

Answer 9

Symptoms
-loss of vision 
-headache
-loss of appetite
-scalp tenderness
-pain on chewing
Signs
-tenderness of superficial temporal arteries
-raised inflammatory markers