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Ophthalmology > Eye Trauma > Flashcards

Flashcards in Eye Trauma Deck (23)
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1
Q

When to do orbital X-ray

A
  • blunt trauma

- possible intra-ocular FB

2
Q

What do all patients with lid lacerations need?

A

a CT head to exclude pneumocranium

3
Q

Classical features of subperiosteal haematoma

A

Downward proptosis with otherwise normal eye after blunt traum

4
Q

Treatment of subperiosteal haematoma

A

Drainage with a needle

5
Q

Useful signs of a blowout fracture

A
  • loss of infraorbital sensation

- subcutaneous crepitus

6
Q

Management of a blowout fracture

A

Repair if there is:

  • enophthalmos >2mm
  • diplopia in downgaze or within 30 deg of fixation
  • loss of >50% of the floor

Refer within 1 week to ophthal/maxillofacial

7
Q

What is siderosis bulbi?

A

Toxic cataract formation, glaucoma and retinal damage from retained metallic FB (yellow-brown staining)

8
Q

Treatment of arc eye/ sunlamp eye

A
  • panado
  • cycloplegia
  • cold compress
  • rest in dark place
  • will be better in 48hr
9
Q

Signs of uveal prolapse

A

Prolapse of brown uveal tissue

  • look under the lids
  • often occur round the edge of the cornea
10
Q

Signs of scleral lacerations

A
  • slightly oval pupil
  • anterior champer deeper than the other eye
  • hyphaema in the presence of a lid laceration
11
Q

Signs of anteriorly dislocated lens

A
  • whitish appearance to cornea without intraocular penetration
  • pain and high IOP
12
Q

Management of anteriorly dislocated lens

A
  • refer within 24 hours for lens extraction
13
Q

Management of penetrating trauma

A
  • shield on eye to prevent pressure on ocular contents
  • do not give ointment/drops
  • avoid pressure dressing
  • refer within 24 hours
14
Q

Management of subconjunctival Hg

A

If normal VA, pupil, eye movements and fundus, reassure and discharge
Will clear over 3-6 weeks

15
Q

Complications of hyphaema

A
  • rebleed
  • raised IOP
  • corneal staining
16
Q

Management of hyphaema

A

Refer or

  • cycloplegics bd
  • strict rest for a week
  • light activity for 6 weeks
17
Q

When does rebleed after hyphaema occur?

A
  • usually within 5 days

can cause blindness through raised IOP

18
Q

Treatment to prevent rebleed after hyphaema

A

Cyclocapron (tranexamic acid)

19
Q

Signs of a carotid cavernous fistula

A
  • conjunctival chemosis
  • proptosis
  • dilated conjunctival and retinal blood vessels
  • listen for a bruit
20
Q

Management of a carotid cavernous fistula

A
  • angiogram when stable

- embolism of fistula

21
Q

Complications of a carotid cavernous fistula

A
  • glaucoma
  • optic nerve and retinal damage
  • CVA
22
Q

Emergency referrals

A
  • chemical injury
23
Q

Urgent referrals

A
  • hyphaema with severe pain

- penetratinge trauma