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COMAT - Surgery > Eye + Ulcers > Flashcards

Eye + Ulcers Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is Orbital Compartment Syndrome?

A

Swelling/bleeding in the orbital space that increases the pressure and causes Optic N. ischemia

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2
Q

Swelling/bleeding in the orbital space will increase the pressure and then cause?

A

Optic Nerve ischemia

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3
Q

What are the signs of Orbital compartment syndrome?

A

Hard eyelid/proptosis
Vision loss/pupil defects

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4
Q

If a patient presents following eye trauma with a rock hard eyelid/orbit, proptosis and vision loss, what should you suspect?

A

Orbital compartment syndrome

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5
Q

What is the treatment for orbital compartment syndrome?

A

Immediate orbital decompression

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6
Q

What often precedes a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?

A

Facial infection or sinusitis

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7
Q

What are 4 signs of a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?

A

Unilateral headache and fever
Loss of vision and certain eye movements

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8
Q

What are 4 signs of a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?

A

Unilateral headache and fever
Loss of vision and certain eye movements

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9
Q

Describe Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

When the pupil is dilated, there is impaired fluid outflow which increases the pressure in the eye

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10
Q

How will Closed Angle Glaucoma present?

A

Red and painful eyeball that is FIXED IN DILATION

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11
Q

How will Closed Angle Glaucoma present?

A

Red and painful eyeball that is FIXED IN DILATION

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12
Q

What are the general treatment goals for Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Constrict the pupil
Decrease the pressure

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13
Q

How do you constrict the pupil with Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Activate alpha (2-agonist)
Block beta

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14
Q

How do you constrict the pupil with Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Activate alpha (2-agonist)
Block beta

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15
Q

How do you decrease the pressure with Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Laser

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16
Q

Periorbital cellulitis is inflammation in the eye region. What is important to examine?

A

Can they move there eye?

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17
Q

If a patient with Periorbital Cellulitis can move their eye, what is the treatment?

A

Antibiotics

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18
Q

If a patient with Periorbital Cellulitis cannot move their eye, what is the workup/treatment?

A

CT scan
–> I&D + antibiotics possibly

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19
Q

How will Retinal Detachment present?

A

Sudden and CONSTANT floaters or curtain covering vision

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20
Q

How will Retinal Detachment present?

A

Sudden and Constant floaters or curtain covering vision

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21
Q

If a patient has EPISODIC floaters or curtain covering vision, what is the diagnosis?

A

Amaurosis Fugax

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22
Q

What is Amaurosis Fugax?

A

Impending Retinal A. occlusion

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23
Q

Symptoms of Amaurosis Fugax?

A

Episodic floaters or curtain covering vision

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24
Q

A complete Retinal A. occlusion will present with?

A

Complete vision loss unilaterally

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25
What may be seen on examination of the eye with Retinal A. occlusion?
Cherry red spots on the Fovea
26
What symptom is present with Macular Degeneration?
Progressive loss of CENTRAL vision
27
What symptom is present with Macular Degeneration?
Progressive loss of CENTRAL vision
28
With WET Macular Degeneration, what will be seen in the eye?
Hemorrhage/fluid
29
With DRY Macular Degeneration, what will be seen in the eye?
Drusen and pigment changes
30
Treatment for WET and DRY Macular Degeneration?
Wet = Laser Dry = Nothing
31
What often precedes Ludwig's Angina?
Tooth infection
32
What is Ludwig's Angina?
Cellulitis of the submandibular/submental/sublingual regions
33
What is Ludwig's Angina and what bacteria often causes it?
Cellulitis of submandibular/submental/sublingual regions ** Streptococcus VIRIDANS!!
34
What are 4 main signs of Ludwig's Angina that differentiate it from other throat abscesses?
- Painful/swollen neck - Painful/swollen floor of the mouth - Posterior displacement/elevation of tongue - Hot potato voice
35
What are 4 main signs of Ludwig's Angina that differentiate it from other throat abscesses?
- Painful/swollen neck - Painful/swollen floor of the mouth - Posterior displacement/elevation of tongue - Hot potato voice
36
What bacteria causes Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar abscesses?
Group A Streptococcus (pyogenes)
37
What are 3 main signs of a Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar abscess?
- Drooling - Trismus - Muffled voice
38
What are 3 main signs of a Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar abscess?
- Drooling - Trismus - Muffled voice
39
With what type of abscess will there be uvula deviation to the opposite side?
Peritonsillar abscess
40
Where do Pressure ulcers occur?
Bony prominences
41
How do you prevent Pressure Ulcers?
Mobilizing and moving the bed-bound patient to alleviate pressure
42
Where do Venous Stasis Ulcers often occur?
Medial Malleolus
43
How do Venous Stasis ulcers look?
Red, beefy with surrounding scale
44
Red and beefy ulcer with a surrounding scale at the medial malleolus is likely a?
Venous Stasis Ulcer
45
What else may be seen with a Venous Stasis Ulcer?
Stasis Dermatitis (dark/woody induration of the legs)
46
What is Stasis Dermatitis?
Erythema or dark/woody induration of the legs
47
What often causes Arterial Ulcers?
Peripheral vascular disease (atherosclerosis of the lower extremities)
48
Where do Arterial Insufficiency ulcers often present? (3)
Lateral malleolus Shin Toes
49
Where do Arterial Insufficiency ulcers often present? (3)
Lateral malleolus Shin Toes
50
How do Arterial Insufficiency ulcers look?
PALE and dry with gangrene
51
Pale and dry gangrenous ulcer is likely a?
Arterial insufficiency ulcer
52
Treatment for Arterial Insufficiency ulcers?
Treat the peripheral vascular disease
53
Where do Diabetic foot wounds often occur?
Bottoms of feet
54
Diabetics often present with Charcot foot and neuropathy. Describe that.
Charcot foot = loss of foot arch/midfoot --> Neuropathy = cannot feel the foot/wound
55
How will a Diabetic foot wound look?
Punched out lesion with heaped up margins
56
A punched out lesion with heaped up margins on the bottom of the foot is likely?
Diabetic foot ulcer
57
What must be ruled out if a Diabetic foot wound is present?
Osteomyelitis
58
What is Pilonidal Disease?
Infected hair follicle becomes occluded and creates a sinus tract that drains
59
Where will Pilonidal disease present?
SUPERIOR to the anus in the intergluteal region
60
Signs of Pilonidal disease?
Painful, fluctuant mass that drains abscess like fluid superior to the anus in the intergluteal region

COMAT - Surgery (13 decks)

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