Eyeball

Question 1

What are the names of the layers of the eyeball?

Answer 1

Fibrous tunic, uveal tract and retina

Question 2

What are the parts of the uveal tract of the eyeball?

Answer 2

Iris, ciliary body, choroid and pupil

Question 3

What are the receptor neurons of the second cranial nerve?

Answer 3

Rod and cone photoreceptor cells

Question 4

What is the function of the cone cell?

Answer 4

Provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

Question 5

What is the function of the rod cell?

Answer 5

Provide vision in dim light conditions

Question 6

What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?

Answer 6

Rod cell

Question 7

What is the primary afferent neuron of the second cranial nerve?

Answer 7

Bipolar cells

Question 8

What is the secondary sensory neuron of the second cranial nerve?

Answer 8

Ganglion cell

Question 9

What forms the optic nerve?

Answer 9

Axons of ganglion cells

Question 10

What is the location for tertiary neurons of the visual pathway?

Answer 10

Lateral geniculate body

Question 11

Axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus will synapse in what specific location?

Answer 11

Primary visual cortex, calcarine sulcus of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

Question 12

What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 12

Between the cornea and the iris

Question 13

What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 13

Between the iris and lens

Question 14

What is contained in the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 14

Aqueous humor

Question 15

What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 15

Aqueous humor

Question 16

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

Answer 16

Vitreous chamber

Question 17

What is the location of the vitreous chamber?

Answer 17

Behind the lens, in front of the retina

Question 18

What fills the vitreous chamber?

Answer 18

Vitreous body

Question 19

What are the functions of the vitreous body?

Answer 19

Maintain retinal curvature; allow minimal light distortion from lens to retina

Question 20

What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all rectus extra ocular muscles?

Answer 20

They all originate from a common annular tendon in the orbit

They all insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball

Question 21

What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extra ocular muscles?

Answer 21

Both insert onto sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equator

Question 22

At its apparent origin cranial nerve III conveys which classification of neural pathways?

Answer 22

Somatic efferent (SE) and visceral efferent (VE) pathway

Question 23

What is the source of innervation of the specific intrinsic eye muscles?

Answer 23

Parasympathetic fibers from oculomotor nerve- ciliairs, pupillage sympathetic fibers from internal carotid artery plexus- dilator pupillae

Question 24

What is/are the target organ(s) for the somatic efferent fibers carried in the third cranial nerve?

Answer 24

Medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique extrinsic muscles of the eyeball and the legator palpebrae superiors muscle of the eyelid

Question 25

Does the apparent origin of cranial nerve III contain somatic afferent fibers?

Answer 25

NO

Question 26

The fourth cranial nerve's apparent origin is from what location?

Answer 26

Dorsal surface of the midbrain

Question 27

What unique feature of the fourth cranial nerve occurs within the midbrain?

Answer 27

It decussates

Question 28

What are the two unique features of the fourth cranial nerves?

Answer 28

It is the only cranial with an apparent origin from the dorsal surface of the brain; it is the only cranial efferent nerve to decussate within the midbrain from its nucleus

Question 29

Does the apparent origin of cranial nerve IV contain somatic afferent fibers?

Answer 29

NO

Question 30

What part of the III, IV, or VI cranial nerve contains somatic afferent (SA) fibers?

Answer 30

Only the distal part of the nerve

Question 31

Peripheral sensory processes conveyed in the III, IV, or BI cranial nerve will communicate with which cranial nerve branch?

Answer 31

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal

Question 32

Typically, primary afferent neurons of the III, IV, or VI cranial nerve located in the semilunar ganglion, Gasserian ganglion or trigeminal ganglion will synapse in what nucleus?

Answer 32

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 33

Recently, peripheral sensory processes conveyed in the III, IV, or VI cranial nerve have been shown to originate from primary afferent neurons in which location?

Answer 33

Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

Question 34

What type of motor pathway innervates smooth muscle?

Answer 34

Visceral efferent (VE)

Question 35

Intrinsic muscles of the eyeball are innervated by which visceral efferent pathways?

Answer 35

Ciliaris and sphincter pupillage are innervate by parasympathetic visceral efferents; dilator pupillage is innervated by sympathetic visceral efferents

Question 36

Visceral efferent fibers conveyed in the third cranial nerve originate from what nucleus?

Answer 36

Accessory oculomotor nucleus of Edinger/Westphal

Question 37

What is the location of synapse for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve?

Answer 37

Ciliary ganglion

Question 38

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve are carried in which nerve?

Answer 38

Short ciliary nerve

Question 39

What vessel supplies the inner tunic of the eyeball?

Answer 39

Central artery of the retina

Question 40

What are the drainage patterns of the superior ophthalmic vein?

Answer 40

Into cavernous dural venous sinus or into facial vein

Question 41

What are the drainage patterns of the inferior ophthalmic vein?

Answer 41

Into cavernous dural venous sinus or into pterygoid venous plexus