Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Learning Objectives > Eyeballs > Flashcards

Eyeballs Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Double vision? Concerned?

A

Test one eye alone - do they still have double vision? Binocular double vision - This is concerning! This means one eye is not moving right

Need an urgent head scan - risk of aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Retinal detachment? Next steps?

A

Is their vision intact? 20/30-50 if yes this is more urgent to try and operate and preserve vision. All will need surgery in the next week or so.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Eye discomfort, jaw pain, headache, vision changes in an older person?

A

High index of suspicion for temporal arteritis - give oral prednisone, and get a biopsy within a week.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vision required for driver’s license?

A

20/50 or better in one eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HSV 1 in the eye?

A

Look for dendritic lesions - have a little bulb on the end, could also have a geographic lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

First line treatment for HZV of the eye?

A

Oral anti-virals, work as well as topicals for the eye, with less risk of ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Loss of light differentiation - concerned?

A

If the patient can’t see light this indicates severe compromise of the ocular tissues this is very concerning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Classic presentation of acute angle glaucoma?

A

Pain, N/V, cloudy cornea, red eye, hard eye (on light palpation), decreased vision, and non-reactive dilated pupil

Steroid use is not associated with acute increased pressure more chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperopia vs Myopia?

A

Farsighted - hyperopia

Nearsighted - myopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Severe photophobia is most characteristic of?

A

Iritis - ciliary flush (not limbic sparing - opposite of conjunctivitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When can’t you dilate the pupil?

A

Usually use epinephrine (sympathetic agonist), tropicamide (anti-cholenergeric)
- acute angle glaucoma, neurological injury suspected, lens implant supported by the iris

  • will actually help an iritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Unilateral conjunctivitis moves from one eye to the opposite eye

A

Usually viral (very contagious) and weepy (not pus, pus is dead WBC)

Lingers in one eye - bacterial, chalmydial.

Allergic - both at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Third nerve presentation?

A

Down and out eye with aniscoria, and ptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Horner’s?

A

Ptosis, anyhydrosis and miosis (small pupil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sections of the eye?

A 
Anterior section (Aqueous humour) = the anterior and posterior chamber 
Posterior section (vitreous humour) = vitreous chamber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Layers of the eye?

A 
Fibrous layer (sclera and cornea) 
Vascular layer (choroid, iris, ciliary body) 
Neural layer (retina - contains pigmented layer and neural layer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the vitreous humour do?

A

Preserves shape and function, keeps retina attached to the choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Retinal detachment is separation of

A

Neural sensory layer and RPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dislocated lens presents

A

Monocular diplopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Urgent optho consult if you see?

A

Corneal ulcer, retinal detachment, acute glaucoma, acute iritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The uvea contains

A

The iris, the uvea and the cilliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Central retinal vein occlusion looks like on fundoscopy?

A

Blood and thunder, will be painless, monocular, possibly due to atherosclerosis of the vein in the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Renal artery occlusion sign?

A

Positive swinging flashlight, often painless, severe monocular loss of vision

Try massaging the globe of the eye, decrease IOP, call optho - this is an emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Glaucoma definition?

Study These Flashcards
A

Optic neuropathy involving changes to the structure of the nerve head changing vision - commonly associated with high IOP

25
Usual flow of Aqueous humour
Ciliary epithelium through the trabecular mesh work, the canal of Schliemann and into the aqueous veins and out into the venous system
26
Normal IOP?
8-21mmHg
27
Open angle vs closed angle glaucoma
Open angle is most common - trouble with trabecular network, insidious. Acute is blockage of drainage is an emergency
28
Sx of acute angle closure glaucoma
Severe eye pain, headaches, nausea, halos around lights. Hard eye. Can have a fixed pupil
29
Tx of acute angle closure glaucoma?
Increase outflow - pilocarpine, latanoprost, brimanidine Decrease production - timolol, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Can give mannitol Surgery is the definite solution
30
Retinal detachment sx?
Painless, sudden onset, flashes of light with floater and curtain of blackness
31
Blepharitis Patho?
Inflammation of lid margins, either due to S. aureus (crust) or seborrheic (flaky) tearing, itching, thickened red lid margins, warm compress and baby shampoo
32
What is a hordeolum?
Style - inflammation of an eyelid gland, or eyelash follicle, will localize to the eyelid margin, will usually resolve on own.
33
Chalazion?
Inflammation of the meibomian gland often preceded by an internal hordeolum, non-tender, if recurrent need to biopsy Tends to localize to the eyelid margin in the centre and becomes non-painful (unlike a stye)
34
Pre-septal vs Orbital cellulitis
Pre-septal - soft tissue infection, usually after a local trauma, edema but normal ocular mobility and vision, give abx Orbital - MEDICAL EMERGENCY - secondary to sinus or facial infections/ trauma, the eye tissues themselves are infected. Proptosis, decreased vision, mobility. IV abx, CT, and abscess drainage
35
Causes and presentation of conjunctivitis
Viral - one eye then the other, red itchy eye with watery tearing - adenovirus - no tax Bacterial - more likely to be monocular, green and goopy - S. aureus - give topical abx Allergic - both eyes at the same time, triggered by something in environment or with nasal congestion Neonatal - chlamydial usually, this is why we give prophylactic erythromycin Conjunctivitis always spares the limbus
36
Subconjuctival hemorrhage?
Don’t worry about it. It looks bad but goes away by itself - from valsalva/ pushing
37
Episcleritis?
Localized inflammation of the sclera, often in young people, self-limited, oral NSAIDs can help, optho if recurrent for steroids
38
Scleritis?
Severe destructive vision threatening inflammation of the eye, often seen in women with other inflammatory diseases, severe pain, hyperaemic patches on the eye, treat with prednisone
39
Pinguecula
Benign subepithelial deposit of tissue, no concerns seen in older people, lots of sun exposure.
40
Pterygium
Encroachment of epithelial tissue cover the cornea, excise if causing vision problems due to growth.
41
HSV in the eye?
Classic dendritic lesions with bulbs at the end.
42
HZV of the eye
Look for vesicles elsewhere, give the, valcyclvir right away.
43
Welder flash burns
A type of photokeratitis - very painful, but only supportive care and limited use of topical anesthetic (due to risk of corneal ulcer)
44
Tx for corneal abrasion?
Topical abx, patch and see - most clear within 2 days. If not then be concerned for an ulcer, which is secondary infection. Ask about contact lenses Corneal ulcer IS AN EMERGENCY
45
Sx of uveitis?
Ocular aches or brow pain , redness, photophobia, decreased vision - often idiopathic or immune, refer to optho Iritis can present with stuck pupil that is irregularly shaped (Iritis is SEVERE)
46
Tx of iritis?
Use mydriatics to dilate - get pupil wide to stop the adhesions from occluding the visual field - pheynalephrine
47
What is a hypopyon?
Pus in the anterior chamber, will see at base of iris - see by optho in the same day
48
Hyphema?
Blood in anterior chamber, see at base of iris - urgent to optho
49
What is a cataract?
Any opacity of the lens - most common cause of reversible blindness worldwide
50
Features of a vitreous hemorrhage?
Look for retinal tear, or detachment, trauma, bleeding into the chamber, painless floater and visual loss
51
Most common location for orbital fracture
Inferior wall blowout with lateral rectus entrapment
52
Lateral canthotomy
For retro-orbital bleed - if proptosis
53
Psychogenic vision loss
Test for involuntary responses, flicking towards eyes, sometimes they will stop their proprioception too
54
Bilateral inter nuclear opthalmoplegia
MS (Unilateral is indicative of a stroke
55
Tortuous vessels in the conjunctiva
Consider cavernous sinus carotid fistula
56
Risk factors for subcapsular cataract
Steroids, DM, trauma, smoking - seen in younger folks
57
Increased IOP?
Start with 500mg acetozolamide, then drops
58
High IOP - next steps?
Pain? Hx Cataract surgery?
59
Causes of retinal detachment
Retinal tear, watery vitreous (age), traction (shrivelled vitreous - also age)

Learning Objectives (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions