Eyelids Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Folds of skin and tissue that, when closed, cover the globe
A
Eyelids
2
Q
When the eyelids are closed gently, the eyelids should
A
Cover the entire globe
3
Q
Which eyelid is larger and more mobile?
A
Upper
4
Q
Whihc eyelid is more variable?
A
Lower lid
5
Q
Where do the eyelids meet?
A
Lateral canthus and medial canthus
6
Q
Lateral angle (lateral canthus)
A
Directly in contact with the eyeball
7
Q
The medial angle (canthus)
A
Lose about 6mm medially from the eyeball
8
Q
What are the two eyelids separated by in the medial canthus
A
Locus lacrimalis
9
Q
What is in the middle of the locus lacrimalis?
A
Caruncula lacrimalis
Plica semilunaris
10
Q
Exposed zone between the upper and lower eyelids
A
Palpebral fissure
11
Q
Eyelid functions
A
- Cover the globe for protection
- Move the tears toward drainage at the medial canthus on closure
- Spread the tear film over the anterior surface of the eye on opening
- Contain structures that produce the tear film
12
Q
Layers of the eyelid
A
- Skin layer
- Subcutaneous areolar layer
- Orbicularis layer
- Submuscular areolar layer
- Orbital septum
- Posterior muscular system
- Tarsal plate
- Palpebral conjunctiva
13
Q
Thin layer of skin that contains fine hairs, sweat, and sebaceous glands
A
Skin layer of the eyelid
14
Q
Thinnest skin on the body and contains no fat
A
Skin layer of the eyelid
15
Q
Thin layer of loose connective tissue that lies between the outer skin and underlying orbicularis
A
Subcutaneous areolar layer of the eyelids
16
Q
The upper lid subcutaneous areolar layer contains what as it travels to its insertion within the skin and upper tarsal plate
A
The levator aponeurosis
17
Q
Contains palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi
A
Orbicularis layer
18
Q
What is the orbicularis muscle innervated by?
A
Facial
19
Q
Attaches to orbital margins, extends outward
A
Orbital portion of eyelid
20
Q
Used for forced closure of the eyelids
A
Orbital potion of orbicularis layer of the eyelid
21
Q
Used for spontaneous and relfex blinking
A
Palpebral portion of the orbicularis layer of the eyelids
22
Q
What are the two specialized areas of the palpebral potion of the orbicularis layer of the eyelid
A
- muscle of riolan (pars ciliaris)
- muscle of Horner
23
Q
Functional labeling of the orbicularis oculi
A
Orbital and palpebral
24
Q
Anatomical labeling of the orbicularis oculi
A
- pretarsal
- preseptal
- orbital
25
The superficial portion of the orbicularis oculi that keeps the lid margin tightly applied to the globe during eye movements
Muscle of riolan
26
The most anterior portion of the gray line
Muscle of riolan
27
A groove located between the eyelash insertions and the meibomian glands
Gray line
28
Divides the lid into anterior and posterior portions and serves as a surgical landmark during lid repair
Gray line
29
Consists of fibers from the orbicularis that encircle the canaliculi and help drain tears into the lacrimal sac
Muscle of Horner (pars lacrimalis)
30
Thin layer of loose connective tissue that lies between the orbicularis and the orbital septum
Submuscular areolar layer of the eyelids
31
The upper lid submuscular layer contains what
Levator aponeurosis and the palpebral portion of the main lacrimal gland
32
Dense irregular layer of loose connective tissue that serves as a barrier to the orbit in the upper and lower eyelids
Orbital septum
33
Keeps infections localized to the anterior portion of the eyelid, away from the orbit
Orbital septum
34
Does not protect the lacrimal sac from infections
Orbital septum
35
Serves as the insertion site for the levator aponeurosis
Superior orbital septum
36
What does the posterior muscular system of the eyelid consist of
- superior lead actor palpebrae muscle
- superior (mullets muscle) tarsal muscle
- interior tarsal muscles
37
Originates from the lesser wing of the sphenoid at the orbital apex and serves as the main retractor of the upper eyelid
Superior levator muscle
38
Transverse ligament in the eye surrounding it close to its partial implantation into the skin of the upper eyelid
Superior transverse ligament of the eye (whitnalls ligament)
39
What does the superior transverse ligament of the eye (whitnalls ligament) allow for
A change in the course of the muscle from anterior-posterior to superior-inferior. Allowing it to perform its function
40
Lacrimal gland is pre or post septal
Preseptal
41
Smooth muscle that is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system
Muscle of muller (superior tarsal muscle)
42
Where does the muscle of muller originate
On the levator and extends into the tarsal plate
43
Functions of the muscle of muller
Minor retractor of the eyelid, widens the palpebral fissure by providing 1-3mm of upper eyelid lift
44
Also innervated by the SNS and provides minor lower lid retraction (not muller)
Inferior tarsal muscle of the lower eye lid (analogous to muller muscle)
45
Where does the inferior tarsal muscle of the lower eyelid originate
From the fascia sheath of the inferior rectus and extends into the tarsal plate
46
Dense irregular layer of loose connective tissue that provides rigidity to the eyelids. Composed of horizontal and vertical collagen fibrils that surround the meibomian glands
Tarsal plate
47
Very large sebaceous glands that are located posterior to the eyelash follicles within the tarsal plate
Meibomian glands
48
The upper and lower tarsal plates combine medially and lateral to form the ______ and ______________
Medial and lateral palpebral ligaments
49
Where does the medial palpebral ligament attach
Maxillary bone
50
Where does the lateral palpebral ligament attach to
Whitnalls ligament
51
Inner lining of the eyelids that contains two layers
Palpebral conjunctiva
52
What are the two layers of the palpebral conjunctiva
1. Epithelial layer
| 2. Stroma
53
Stratified outer protective layer that extends into the cornices and onto the bulbar conjunctiva and contains goblet cells
Epithelial layer of the palpebral conjunctiva
54
Produce the mucin layer of the tear film
Goblet cells of the epithelial layer of the palpebral conjunctiva
55
Loose vascularizes connective tissue composed of a superficial lymphoid layer and a deep fibrous layer
Stroma of the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelid
56
What are the layers of the stroma of the palpebral conjunctiva
- superficial lymphoid layer (very immunologically active)
- deep fibrous layer (connects the conjunctiva to the underlying internal structures, contains the accessory lacrimal glands nerves and blood vessels of the eyelid)
57
What is prone to allergies and inflammation?
Stroma layer of the palpebral conjunctiva
58
The muscles of the eyelids include
- orbicularis oculi muscle
- levator palpebrae superioris muscle
- superior palpebral muscle (mullers)
59
Large sebaceous holocrine gland occupying the length of the tarsal plate that open along the lid margins just posterior to the eyelash follicle
Meibomian
60
How many meibomian glands are there
25 in upper lid and 20 in the lower lid
61
What do meibomian glands produce
Anterior lipid layer of the tear film
62
What do the meibomian glands consist of
Each consists of 10-15 acini attached to a large central duct
63
Composed of just one or two acini and are associated with the eyelash follicle. Generally 1-2 Zeis glands are Preston per follicle
Zeis
64
Lubricate the eyelashes to prevent them from becoming brittle
Zeis
65
Modified apocrine glands, are also located near the eyelash follicle
Moll
66
Empty their contents onto follicles, Zeus glands, and the lid margin
Moll
67
Accessory lacrimal glands that are located in the fornices
Glands of Krause (in the creases)
68
Considered merocrine glands and secrete fluids in the same composition as the main lacrimal gland
Glands of Krause
69
Accessory lacrimal glands that are larger than the glands of Krause
Glands of wolfring
70
Where are the glands of wolfring located
Predominantly in the tarsal conjunctiva
71
The free margin of the eyelids contain
1. Lashes (cilia)
2. Grey line
3. Mucocutaneous junction
4. Orifices of meibomian glands
5. Superior and inferior puncti of mass-lacrimal system
72
What eyelid has mor eeyelashes
Upper
73
Color of eyelashes in comparison to scalp hair
Darker
74
Eyelashes and age
Do not gray
75
How often do the eyelashes replace
Every 100 to 150 days
76
Eyelashes are richly supplied with -________ causing them to be sensitive to even the slightest touch, which will elicit a protective response, blink
Nerves
77
How are the eyelashes arranged
In two or three road along the anterior edge of the eyelids and do not posses erector pili muscles
78
The sebaceous glands of _____ open into each eyelash follicle
Zeis
79
Behind and between the follicles modified sweat glands, the ciliary glands of ______, open into the follicles or onto the eyelid margin
Moll
80
Voluntary motor innervation of the eyelid
Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve, innervates the orbicularis oculi
81
Involuntary motor innervation of the eyelid
SNS, innervates Muller
82
Sensory innervation of upper eyelid
Innervated by the frontal and lacrimal branches of ophthalmic nerve
83
Sensory innervate of the lower eyelid
Innervated by the infraorbital and zygomaticalfacial branches of V2
84
Blood supply of the eyelids is derived from the facial system, whihc arises from the _______, and the orbital system whihc originates from the )___________
External carotid artery
| Internal carotid artery
85
The lateral and medial palpebral arteries are branches of the ophthalmic artery that supply the deeper eyelid tissue
Internal carotid branches
86
The facial artery branches off the external carotid and provides circulation to the superficial areas of the eyelid
External carotid branches
87
Venous drainage of the eyelid
Veins of the eyelid parallel the arteries, they drain into the palpebral and ophthalmic veins
88
Lymph drainage of most of the upper eyelid and the lateral half of the lower eyelid is to the
Preauricular lymph nodes
89
Drainage of the medial portion of the upper eyelid and the medial portion of the lower lid drain into the _______ by way of vessels that follow the angular and facial vessels
Submandibular nodes
