Eyelids Anatomy

Question 1

Muscles acting on eyebrows (4) innervated by (nerve).

Answer 1

• Orbicularis oculi
• Corrugator
• Frontalis
• Procerus
• All innervated by 7th cranial nerve (facial nerve)

Question 2

Orbicularis oculi function? (1 (of which portion) - 3 branches)

Answer 2

Contraction (orbital portion) → Firm lid closure, draws forehead skin medially, depresses eyebrows

Question 3

Corrugator function? (1)

Answer 3

Contraction → Draws brows medially

Question 4

Frontalis function? (2)

Answer 4

Contraction → Elevates brow draws scalp forwards

Question 5

Procerus function? (1)

Answer 5

Contraction → Draws brows medially

Question 6

Tarsal plates dimensions? (width, height upper/lower)

Answer 6

WIDTH
* ~29 mm upper and lower
HEIGHT
* ~10mm Upper, ~5mm lower

Question 7

Tarsal (?) glands

Answer 7

Meibomian

Question 8

(…) cells within (structure) make up lobules of the (structure)

Answer 8

Secretory. Tarsal plates, tarsal (Meibomian) glands

Question 9

Secretions of tarsal glands?

Answer 9

Secretions: high lipid content, provides lipid component of tear film

Question 10

Tarsal glands superiorly (#), and inferiorly (#)

Answer 10

• Superior: up to 40
• Inferior: up to 30

Question 11

Tarsal glands open onto?

Answer 11

Eyelid margin

Question 12

Function of eyebrows? (2)

Answer 12

FUNCTIONS:
* Protection
* Expression

Question 13

Parts of the eyebrow and function? (4)

Answer 13

Skin
* Glabella
Subcutaneous tissue
* Connective tissue layer, attaches skin to underlying muscle
Muscle layer
* Provides mobility of eyebrows
Submuscular areolar layer
* Loose connective tissue, allows
free movement of eyebrow

Question 14

Glabella is?

Answer 14

The smooth part of the forehead above and between the eyebrows.

Question 15

Word “relating to eyelids”?

Answer 15

Palpebral

Question 16

Structure of palpebral tissues? (9)

RELATE TO LECTURE DIAGRAMS

Answer 16

Skin
* Thin, elastic
Subcutaneous areolar tissue
* Loose connective tissue, no fat
Striated muscle (orbicularis oculi, levator [upper])
Submuscular areolar tissue
Tarsal plates
Orbital septum
Non-striated muscle
Tarsal (Müller’s) Muscle
Conjunctiva

RELATE TO LECTURE DIAGRAMS

Question 17

Tarsal plates exist over the … and … eyelid

Answer 17

Upper, lower

Question 18

Function of tarsal plate? (2)

Answer 18

Gives structural rigidity: extend width of lids, curve to fit contour of globe

Question 19

Structure of tarsal plate? (made of?)

Answer 19

Dense connective tissue, primarily collagen

Question 20

The (structure) (action) and (action) to divide lid into … and … portions

Answer 20

Folds and furrows to divide lid into tarsal and
septal portions.

Question 21

Due to tarsal plates that divide lid in tarsal and septal portions, folds in lid skin are formed. They are called? (2)

Answer 21

Superior and inferior palpebral sulcus.

Question 22

Folds below lower eye that form with age are called? (2)

Answer 22

Malar and nasojugal sulcus

Question 23

Muscles of lid opening? (3)

Answer 23

Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior tarsal muscle (of Muller)
Inferior tarsal muscle (of Muller)

Question 24

Superior tarsal muscle (of Muller) and inferior tarsal muscle (of Muller) are both (…) muscles, innervated by (…)

Answer 24

Smooth muscle, innervated by sympathetic system

Question 25

Ptosis symptoms?

Answer 25

Drooping of lid(s)

Question 26

Two types of cause for ptosis are? (name structure)

Answer 26

Oculomotor (3rd Nerve) vs sympathetic

Question 27

When is ptosis a cause for concern and would have more significant symptoms? (symptom and affected structure)

Answer 27

If developed and not congenital. Oculomotor (levator) paralysis results in larger degree of ptosis. Ocular motor nerve is 3rd nerve. May be due to brain tumor or problem with the brain (innervated by 3rd nerve)

Question 28

Muscles of lid closing

Answer 28

Orbicularis oculi

Question 29

Portions of orbicularis oculi (5)

Answer 29

Palpebral portion * Pretarsal portion * Preseptal portion Orbital portion Medial and lateral palpebral ligaments * Anchor muscle to the orbit Marginal or ciliary portion (of Riolan) Lacrimal portion (of Horner) * Assists with tear drainage

Question 30

Portions of palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi? (2)

Answer 30

Pretarsal and preseptal portion.

Question 31

Orbicularis oculi: Medial and lateral palpebral ligaments function?

Answer 31

Anchor muscle to the orbit

Question 32

Orbicularis oculi: marginal portion. Also known as? (2)

Answer 32

ciliary portion (of Riolan)

Question 33

Orbicularis oculi: lacrimal portion. Also known as? (1)

Answer 33

Lacrimal portion of Horner.

Question 34

... portion of Horner

Answer 34

lacrimal

Question 35

... portion of Riolan

Answer 35

marginal/ciliary

Question 36

function of lacrimal portion of Horner of orbicularis oculi

Answer 36

assists with tear drainage

Question 37

Orbicularis oculi is the muscle of lid (function?)

Answer 37

closing

Question 38

Contraction of ... and ... orbicularis muscle mechanically assists with secretion of Meibomian lipids.

Answer 38

Contraction of pretarsal and marginal (Riolan) orbicularis muscle.

Question 39

Muscles that assist with meibomian gland secretion

Answer 39

pretarsal and marginal (Riolan) orbicularis muscle

Question 40

eyelashes and cilia (# in upper and lower lids)

Answer 40

~100 upper ~50 lower

Question 41

Primary function of cilia

Answer 41

protection

Question 42

glands related to cilia (2)

Answer 42

Gland of Zeis, Moll

Question 43

Gland of Zeis is a (type) gland (associated/not associated) with lash (structure)

Answer 43

Gland of Zeis sebaceous gland associated with lash follicle

Question 44

Gland of Moll is a (type) gland (associated/not associated) with lash (structure)

Answer 44

Gland of Moll is a modified sweat gland not associated with lash follicle.

Question 45

description of conjunctiva: (...)(…) membrane covering (...) including the (...) surface of the eyelid.

Answer 45

Translucent mucous membrane covering ocular surface including the posterior surface of the eyelid.

Question 46

regions/zones of the conjunctiva (3)

Answer 46

Palpebral * Marginal * Tarsal * Orbital Fornix Bulbar/limbal

Question 47

within regions of the conjunctiva, palpebral region has (3) subcategories:

Answer 47

Marginal, tarsal, orbital

Question 48

T/F zones of the conjunctiva repeat in the upper and lower lid

Answer 48

T

Question 49

goblet cells of the conjunctiva are more dense towards the (medial/lateral) of the eye

Answer 49

medial portion of the eye

Question 50

(...) are components of the (…) epithelium, produce (...), important component of the (...)

Answer 50

Component of the conjunctival epithelium, produce mucous, important component of the tearfilm

Question 51

The orbital septum is a (thick/thin) (dense/loose) connective tissue sheet. A protective barrier, from the (...) to (...). Separates (...) from eyelids, prevents forward movement of (...) into the eyelids.

Answer 51

The orbital septum is a thin, dense connective tissue sheet. A protective barrier, from the orbital rim to tarsal plates. Separates orbital fat from eyelids, prevents forward movement of orbital fat into the eyelids.

Question 52

the orbital septum is a (...), (...) connective tissue sheet

Answer 52

thin, dense