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PHA 521 > EYELIDS AND ANTERIOR SEGMENT > Flashcards

EYELIDS AND ANTERIOR SEGMENT Flashcards

1
Q

Red Eye: inflammatory etiologies

A 
blepharitis
chalazion/hordeolum
cellulitis
conjunctivitis 
dacryoadenitis/dacryocystitis
corneal ulcer (keratitis)
uveitis
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2
Q

Red Eye: traumatic etiologies

A

subconjunctival hemhorrhage
corneal abrasion
foreign body
hyphema

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3
Q

Red Eye: other etiologies

A

glaucoma

tumor

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4
Q

Vital Signs of Ophthalmology

A

vision
pupils
pressure

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5
Q

Blepharitis

A

chronic condition

inflammation of the eyelids, typically with intermittent exacerbations

dry eye

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6
Q

Anterior Blepharitis

A

infectious (S. aureus) or seborrheic component

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7
Q

Posterior Blepharitis

A

results from meibomian gland dysfunction

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8
Q

Blepharitis: clinical presentation

A 
red eyes
gritty or foreign body sensation
burning sensation
excessive tearing 
crustiness in lashes
light sensitivity
\+/- blurry vision
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9
Q

Blepharitis: physical exam

A 
diffuse conjunctival injection 
inflamed/red eyelid margins
crusting/matting of eyelashes
plugged glands
collarettes
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10
Q

Blepharitis: treatment

A 
warm compress
lid massage
lid hygiene
topical antibiotics (severe)
oral antibiotics (really severe)
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11
Q

Blepharitis: prevention

A

omega 3 supplements

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12
Q

Chalazion

A

blepharitis complication

painless
rubbery
nodular

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13
Q

Hordeolum

A

blepharitis complication

painful
infected
purulent

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14
Q

Periorbital Cellulitis

A

infection of the soft tissues around the eye

does not extend into the orbit

more common

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15
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

infection of the fat and muscles surrounding the globe

more dangerous (close to cavernous sinus)

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16
Q

Periorbital Cellulitis: etiology

A

external sources
(blepharitis, insect bites, FB)
sometimes sinusitis

17
Q

Orbital Cellulitis: etiology

A

extension of infection from paranasal sinuses (ethmoid sinuses)

18
Q

Periorbital Cellulitis: clinical presentation

A

eye pain
eyelid swelling and erythema

NO

  • vision change
  • fever
  • pain with eye movements
19
Q

Periorbital Cellulitis: physical exam

A

NO

  • proptosis
  • ophthalmoplegia
20
Q

Orbital Cellulitis: clinical presentation

A 
eye pain
eyelid swelling and erythema
vision changes (diplopia)
fever
pain with eye movements
21
Q

Orbital Cellulitis: physical exam

A

proptosis
ophthalmoplegia
conjunctivitis
+/- discharge

22
Q

Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis: diagnosis

A

CBC
blood culture
culture of any discharge
CT scan of orbits and sinuses

23
Q

Periorbital Cellulitis: treatment

A

< 1 yo: hospitalize

> 1 yo: empiric antibiotic therapy (S.aureus, S.pneumoniae, MRSA)

24
Q

Orbital Cellulitis: treatment

A

hospitalization+ophthalmologist consult

  • IV antibiotics (broad spectrum)
  • surgical drainage if abscess
25
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the white of the eye (conjunctiva)

most common eye disease

viral = most common
also: bacterial, allergies, chemical

transmission: direct contact

26
Q

Viral Conjunctivitis: etiology

A

most common agent: adenovirus

27
Q

Viral Conjunctivitis: signs and symptoms

A 
pharyngitis
fever
malaise
watery discharge
preauricular adenopathy
28
Q

Viral Conjunctivitis: treatment

A

cold compress

resolves on its own

29
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis: etiology

A

most common organisms:

  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • Pseudomonas
30
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis: clinical presentation

A

copious discharge

“eyes matted shut” in morning

31
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis: treatment

A

antibiotic eye drops or ointment

32
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis

A

bilateral

seasonal

33
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis: clinical presentation

A

itchiness

conjunctival injection and swelling

34
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis: treatment

A

cold compress
topical antihistamines
oral antihistamines

35
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

infection in the lacrimal sac

usually secondary to a nasolacrimal duct obstruction

children > adults

treatment:
- aggressive antibiotics
- surgery (NLD probing)

36
Q

Entropion

A

lid disorder

inward turning of the eyelids

  • occur with age (degeneration of lid tissues)
  • due to childhood facial structure

treatment: lubrication

37
Q

Ectropion

A

lid disorder

outward turning of the eyelids

  • occur with age (degeneration of lid tissues)
    treatment: surgery
38
Q

Pingueculum

A

conjunctival disorder

yellow, elevated nodule

most common:

  • located on nasal side of conjunctiva
  • persons > 35 yo

no treatment (rarely grow)

39
Q

Pterygium

A

conjunctival disorder

fleshy, triangular growth of the conjunctiva

spreads –> threatens cornea shape and visual axis

associated with wind, sun, dust exposure

treatment:

  • artificial tears
  • anti-inflammatories
  • excision

PHA 521 (12 decks)

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