Eyes

Question 1

What are the cranial nerves affecting the eyes?

Answer 1

Abducens CN VI
Abducts the eye
Innervates lateral rectus muscle

Trochlear CN IV
Down and in movement
Innervates the superior oblique muscle

Oculomotor CN III
Innervates all the rest
Stimulation of CN III constricts the pupils

Question 2

What is myopia?

Answer 2

Impaired distant vision (when bottom number is larger than top) the larger the number, the worse the vision

Question 3

What is presbyopia?

Answer 3

Impaired near vision common after age 40 and up

Question 4

How to use a snellen chart?

Answer 4

Eye level

Client 10 or 20 feet from chart

Exam 1 eye at a time

Leave glasses on

Start with 20/20 line

Question 5

What does the cover/uncover test assess?

Answer 5

Detects deviation in alignment, or decreased strength in eye muscles by interrupting gaze

Question 6

What is the normal and abnormal findings for the cover/uncover test?

Answer 6

Normal: both eyes should remain fixed, gazing straight ahead

Abnormal: eye jumps from deviated position to re establish fixation. Eye muscle weakness

Question 7

What is strabisums?

Answer 7

Abnormal alignment of the eye: eye turns inward, outward, upward, or downward

Question 8

What is esotropia

Answer 8

Eyes turn inward

Question 9

What is exotropia?

Answer 9

Eyes turn outward

Question 10

What is cataracts

Answer 10

Opacity of the lens (blurry)

Question 11

Risk factors of cataracts

Answer 11

Age

Diabetes

Medications

UV radiation

Smoking

Question 12

What is age related macular degeneration?

Answer 12

Loss of central vision usually occurs 50 years or older

Question 13

What is dry AMD

Answer 13

Dry age related macular degeneration is most common about 80-90%

Its when tiny clumps of protein and metabolic end products collect underneath macula

Question 14

What is wet amd

Answer 14

More serious about 10-20%

Abnormal blood vessels grow under retina

Vessels leak blood or other fluids, scarring macula

Lose vision faster

Question 15

What is glaucoma?

Answer 15

Loss of peripheral vision

Question 16

Risk factors for glaucoma

Answer 16

Over 40 YO

Family history

African American/ Hispanic

Question 17

What is open angle glaucoma

Answer 17

Partial blockage of drainage canal

Patchy blind spots in your side or central vision, frequently in both eyes

Develops over time with slow clogging of drainage canals resulting in increased intraocular pressure

Tunnel vision in the advanced stages

Question 18

What is acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 18

Emergency

Sudden blockage of drainage canal

Severe headache, eye pain, nausea and vomiting

Blurred vision

Halos around lights

Red eyes

Question 19

What happens if glaucoma is left untreated?

Answer 19

It will eventually cause blindness

Question 20

What is viral conjunctivitis

Answer 20

Usually affects one eye, excessive watering and some discharge. Small amount of crusting on eyelids sometimes occurs.

Question 21

What is bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 21

One eye, but often spreads to both eyes and causes heavy discharge, yellow, or green in color. Often heavy crusting at puncta.

Question 22

What is allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 22

Causes itching, redness, excessive, tearing in both eyes, but not a heavy discharge. Nose may be stuffy, itchy, and runny during this time.

Question 23

What is the iris

Answer 23

Contractile muscular disk containing pigment cells that produce the colour of the eye

Muscles of the iris, changes pupils to dilate and accommodate (with dim light) or constrict (with bright light)

Question 24

What is the pupil?

Answer 24

Central opening through which light travels to retina

Question 25

What is the lens?

Answer 25

Bulges to focus on near objects and flattens for far objects

Question 26

What is the optic disk?

Answer 26

Area where fibers from retina converge to form the optic nerve. Varies in color from creamy yellow orange to pink.

Question 27

What is direct

Answer 27

Constriction of the same sided pupil

Question 28

What is consensual?

Answer 28

Simultaneous constriction of the other pupil (pupil without direct light)