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EENT > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is Reiter’s syndrome?

A
  • A type of reactive arthritis

- Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree

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2
Q

What is anisocoria?

A

Unequal pupil size

-Not necessarily pathological

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3
Q

What anesthetic is typically used on the eye?

A

Tetracaine 0.4%

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4
Q

What warrants an emergent referral to an eye specialist?

A
  • Red eye with pain or visual disturbance
  • Red eye with corneal damage
  • Acute glaucoma
  • Foreign body?
  • Never prescribe topical steroids
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5
Q

What does bilateral angioedema of the eyes indicate?

A

Systemic allergens:

-Food

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6
Q

What does unilateral angioedema of the eyes indicate?

A

Local allergen:

  • Poison ivy
  • Topical chemical
  • Insect bites
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7
Q

What is the most common cause of a “red eye”?

A

Conjunctivitis

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8
Q

Major manifestations of conjunctivitis?

A
  • Discharge
  • Injection
  • Lack of photophobia
  • Lids stuck together
  • Normal vision
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9
Q

Most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in temperate zones?

A

Pneumococcus

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10
Q

Most common cause of conjunctivitis in tropical zones?

A

H. aegyptius

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11
Q

What does gross purulence w/ conjunctivitis suggest?

A

Neisseria infection

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12
Q

Organisms usually causing chronic conjunctivitis?

A
  • Staph. aureus

- Moraxella lacunata

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13
Q

What does conjunctivitis with unilateral mucopurulent discharge, absent pre-auricular adenopathy, and thick crusts on eyelids suggest?

A

-Bacterial conjunctivitis

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14
Q

What does bilateral conjunctivitis w/ pre-auricular nodes and profuse exudate suggest?

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis from GU tract

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15
Q

What does conjunctivitis that starts unilaterally and quickly spreads, has watery discharge, pre-auricular adenopathy, fever and pharyngitis suggest?

A

Viral infection

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16
Q

Most common viral cause of conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

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17
Q

What is bilateral sterile conjunctivitis associated with?

A

Reactive arthritis:

  • Reiter’s syndrome
  • Steven-Johnson syndrome
  • Acne rosacea
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18
Q

What are yellow nodules on conjunctival sclera commonly found on nasal side?

A

-Pinguecula

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19
Q

Usual cause of subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

Trauma

  • Anti-coagulants
  • Self-limiting
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20
Q

What does massive hemorrhage with proptosis and limited EOMs indicate?

A

Orbital hemorrhage

-Can compromise optic nerve and retinal circulation

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21
Q

What is episcleritis associated with?

A
  • Gout
  • Allergies
  • Psoriasis
  • Collagen disease
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22
Q

Most common complaint in episcleritis?

A

Tender, irritated eyes

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23
Q

What eye condition is associated with perilimbal ciliary flush, photophobia, tearing, and possibly ulcers?

Study These Flashcards
A

Keratitis (corneal disease)

24
Q

What eye condition is characterized by photophobia, a painful eye, and pain that precedes a HSV rash?

Study These Flashcards
A

Herpes Simplex Keratoconjunctivitis

25
Treatment for corneal damage from FB?
- Vigorous irrigation | - Refer to specialist
26
What is a hyphema?
Layering of blood in anterior chamber | -emergency
27
Is a corneal laceration or perforation a medical emergency?
Yes
28
What is uveitis?
Disease of the iris, ciliary body, or choroid.
29
Usual cause of uveitis?
Idiopathic | -Associated with Ankylosing spondylitis, JRA, colitis, sprue, TB, sarcoidosis
30
Secondary causes of uveitis?
- Trauma | - Corneal inflammation
31
What bacteria often causes blepharitis?
Staph.
32
What eye condition is characterized by greasy lid scaling and Meibomian gland dysfunction?
Seborrheic blepharitis
33
What is a hordeolum?
Acute staph. infection of Meibomian gland (internal) or glands of Zeis or Moll around lashes (sty)
34
What is acute dacryocystitis?
Infection of tear duct near nose | -Purulent matter may be expressed
35
Do infections cause chalazions?
Nope; sterile
36
What is orbital cellulitis?
- Infection of orbit by Staph. | - Can lead to paresis of 3rd, 4th, 6th, and ocular portion of 5th cranial nerves: cavernous sinus thrombosis
37
What pressure indicates acute glaucoma?
IOP over 20 mmHg
38
Most common cause of impaired vision?
Refractive error
39
What drugs can cause vision loss?
- Sulfonamides - Thiazides - Anti-cholinergics
40
Most common cause of vitreous opacity?
Hemorrhage: - DM - Trauma - HTN - Clots
41
What can cause retinal inflammation?
- Histoplasmosis - Toxoplasmosis - HSV - Cytomegalovirus
42
What conditions can cause vascular disease of the eyes?
- Central retinal artery occlusion (clot from atrium or carotid) - Giant cell arteritis
43
What manifestations will you often see with central retinal artery occlusion?
- Cherry red spot | - Boxcar veins
44
What manifestations can you see with giant cell arteritis?
- Elevated ESR - Enlarged or normal disc - Central retinal artery occlusion - Associated with Polymyalgia rheumatica
45
Leading cause of blindness over the age of 50?
Age-related macular degeneration
46
What systemic diseases are associated with retinal disease?
- DM - HTN - SLE
47
20-50% of individuals with optic neuritis develop what disease?
MS
48
What disorder is associated with the following: stare, lid lag, lid retraction, and mild proptosis?
Grave's disease (autoimmune)
49
What are risk factors for developing Grave's disease?
- Smoking | - Hyperthyroidism
50
What is the leading cause of blindness in those under 65?
Diabetic retinopathy
51
What is intraretinal vascular damage also known as?
Non-proliferative
52
Clinical signs of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
- Microaneurysms - Cotton wool patches - Lipid and serous exudate
53
What is it called when vascular damage extends into vitreous cavity?
Proliferative retinopathy | -Much worse
54
What clinical signs are associated with hypertensive retinopathy?
- Flame hemorrhages - A/V nicking - Arteriolar narrowing
55
Do we prescribe topical steroids for eye conditions?
Never.
56
What condition is associated with giant cell arteritis?
Polymyalgia rheumatica

EENT (3 decks)

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