Eyes Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are counselling points when it comes to the eye drops?
● Wash hands
● Pull eyelid down to form a pocket
● Squeeze one drop into pocket formed
● Don’t touch eye, to keep dropper clean
● Keep eye closed for 2 minutes after putting drop inside eye
● If using TWO different drops at the same time, wait FIVE minutes
● Don’t drive until vision is clear
● Try not to touch the tip of the dropper or tube to your eye. A dropper or tube that has touched the eye can become contaminated.
● Avoid wearing contact lenses
If a patient has been told to use ointment then drops, which one comes first?
Apply the eye drops first, then wait 3–4 minutes before you apply the ointment.
How long are eyes drops normally used for?
4 weeks, unless told otherwise
Which type of eye drop is preferred for patients wearing contact lenses?
- Preservative free preparations
Which tablets can be used for allergic conjunctivitis?
- Antihistamines like sodium cromoglicate
What is used for prevention and treatment of inflammation in the eye?
NSAID eye drop like diclofenac
What are the different types of Eye infection?
1) Bacterial
2) Viral
3) Allergic
4) Fungal
What are the symptoms of bacterial eye infection (Blepharitis)?
- Crusting on lashes and eye lid
What is the treatment for bacterial eye infection (Blepharitis)?
- Chloramphenicol ointment
What are the symptoms of bacterial eye infection (Conjunctivitis)?
- Gritty
- Itchiness (feels like something is in the eye)
- Discharge
What is the treatment for bacterial eye infection (Conjunctivitis)?
Usually self limiting, within 5 days.
If it doesn’t get better, use Chloramphenicol.
Fusidic acid is an alternative
Which treatment is used for the various bacterial eye infections?
● Aminoglycosides - P. aeruginosa
● Ciprofloxacin - Corneal ulcers
● Azithromycin - C. trachomatis (pregnancy)
● Fusidic acid - Staph infections (include conjunctivitis, keratitis)
What is the dose for Chloramphenicol eye drops?
● Apply 1 drop every 2 hours for 48 hours
● If no improvement/ symptoms worsening after 48 hours, refer patient back to
their GP
● If improvement is seen, continue with 1 drop every 4 hours for the next 3 days.
reduce frequency as infection is controlled
● Maximum 5 day duration
Which virus causes viral eye infections?
Herpes simplex infection
What is the treatment for viral eye infections?
- Aciclovir
- Ganciclovir
What is usually done for fungal eye infections?
It is tested in labs.
Treatment is not generally available, instead patient goes to specialist centres.
What is Glaucoma?
● Starts off as the loss of visual field
- Due to increased intra-ocular pressure (more pressure in the eye)
● Can lead to optic nerve damage (the one that connects the eye to the brain) and vision loss (loss of
eyesight)
Examples of Glaucoma eye drops?
● Prostaglandin analogue (lantanoprost) - 1st line
● Beta blocker - if above not effective
● Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - if above not effective
Can be given alone or in combinations
What is the most common preservatives?
Benzalkonium chloride (BAK)
What are the side effect for Glaucoma eye drops?
- Stinging
- Itching
- Eye discomfort
What are the side effect for Prostaglandin analogues?
A change in iris and eyelash hair colour
What are the symptoms for Anterior uveitis?
● Inflammation in middle layer of eye, pupil size is different
● Redness
● Pain
What is the treatment for Anterior uveitis?
Corticosteroid eye drops
What are the symptoms for Subconjunctival haemorrhage?
And what is the treatment?
● No pain but burst blood vessel in whites of eye - can be caused by coughing too hard.
● No treatment necessary, will resolve with time
REFER IF PT IS ON ANTICOAGULANTS
